KIN 435 MIDTERM || QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
4 things that gas must pass through in the alveoli correct answers alveolar epithelium
interstitium, capillary endothelium, plasma
How thin is the blood-gas interface correct answers 0.2-0.3 um
How many alveoli are there in the lungs and what does this achieve correct answers 500
million, large surface area
Why is capillary pressure maintenance important correct answers large increases can damage
blood-gas barrier (ex. exercise)
Why is branching of the lungs advantageous correct answers good for surface area
What make up the conducting zone correct answers trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal
bronchioles
What makes up the transitional and respiratory zones correct answers respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
3 things that increase in the conducting zone during exercise that must be kept level in the
respiratory zone correct answers ventilation frequency and flow
What is the volume of the anatomical dead space correct answers 150 mL
Volume of the alveolar region correct answers 2.5-3 L
How does gas move in the alveolar region correct answers diffusion
What occurs in popcorn lung correct answers alveolar walls are coated in oil, unable to
expand
How does blood from the heart want to travel to the lungs correct answers path of least
resistance (base of lung due to gravity)
Lung capillaries open/closed status at rest vs during exercise correct answers apex closed and
base opened at rest, both open during exercise
How long does blood spend in capillaries correct answers 0.75 s
How long does it take alveolar capillary blood to reach O2 equilibrium correct answers 0.25 s
What occurs to the PO2 difference across the blood-gas barrier in the alveoli correct answers
increases
Until what regions is convective flow used instead of diffusion correct answers terminal
bronchioles
, Tidal volume correct answers normal breathing (500mL)
Vital capacity correct answers exhaled volume
Residual volume correct answers gas left in lung following maximal expiration
Functional residual capacity correct answers gas left in lung following normal expiration
What lung volumes can be measured with spirometry correct answers tidal volume, vital
capacity
What lung volumes need alternative methods to be measured correct answers functional
residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity
What are alternative methods of measuring lung volumes correct answers He equilibrium,
body plethysmography
Body plethysmography correct answers after normal expiration, shutter closes, pant against
tube, lung volume increases and body box pressure rises
Boyles law correct answers pressure x volume is constant
How to calculate alveolar ventilation correct answers VA = VE - VD (minute ventilation -
anatomic dead space) OR VA = VCO2 / PCO2 x K (pressure constant)
Best way to increase alveolar ventilation correct answers take deeper breaths (because VD is
constant)
Physiologic dead space correct answers volume of gas that does not eliminate CO2 (same as
VD in health but higher in disease)
VD/VT ratio correct answers anatomic dead space vs tidal volume
VD/VT ratio equation correct answers VD/VT = (PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2
Normal VD/VT ratio correct answers 0.2-0.35
CO2 concentration in alveolar gas and arterial blood is ___ related to alveolar ventilation
correct answers inversely
Why are the lower regions of the lungs better ventilated than the upper regions correct
answers gravity
3 basic elements of respiratory control correct answers central controllers (pons, medulla,
cortex), sensors (chemo, lung...), effectors (respiratory muscles)
Effect of increase effector activity correct answers decreases sensory input to brain (negative
feedback)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
4 things that gas must pass through in the alveoli correct answers alveolar epithelium
interstitium, capillary endothelium, plasma
How thin is the blood-gas interface correct answers 0.2-0.3 um
How many alveoli are there in the lungs and what does this achieve correct answers 500
million, large surface area
Why is capillary pressure maintenance important correct answers large increases can damage
blood-gas barrier (ex. exercise)
Why is branching of the lungs advantageous correct answers good for surface area
What make up the conducting zone correct answers trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal
bronchioles
What makes up the transitional and respiratory zones correct answers respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
3 things that increase in the conducting zone during exercise that must be kept level in the
respiratory zone correct answers ventilation frequency and flow
What is the volume of the anatomical dead space correct answers 150 mL
Volume of the alveolar region correct answers 2.5-3 L
How does gas move in the alveolar region correct answers diffusion
What occurs in popcorn lung correct answers alveolar walls are coated in oil, unable to
expand
How does blood from the heart want to travel to the lungs correct answers path of least
resistance (base of lung due to gravity)
Lung capillaries open/closed status at rest vs during exercise correct answers apex closed and
base opened at rest, both open during exercise
How long does blood spend in capillaries correct answers 0.75 s
How long does it take alveolar capillary blood to reach O2 equilibrium correct answers 0.25 s
What occurs to the PO2 difference across the blood-gas barrier in the alveoli correct answers
increases
Until what regions is convective flow used instead of diffusion correct answers terminal
bronchioles
, Tidal volume correct answers normal breathing (500mL)
Vital capacity correct answers exhaled volume
Residual volume correct answers gas left in lung following maximal expiration
Functional residual capacity correct answers gas left in lung following normal expiration
What lung volumes can be measured with spirometry correct answers tidal volume, vital
capacity
What lung volumes need alternative methods to be measured correct answers functional
residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity
What are alternative methods of measuring lung volumes correct answers He equilibrium,
body plethysmography
Body plethysmography correct answers after normal expiration, shutter closes, pant against
tube, lung volume increases and body box pressure rises
Boyles law correct answers pressure x volume is constant
How to calculate alveolar ventilation correct answers VA = VE - VD (minute ventilation -
anatomic dead space) OR VA = VCO2 / PCO2 x K (pressure constant)
Best way to increase alveolar ventilation correct answers take deeper breaths (because VD is
constant)
Physiologic dead space correct answers volume of gas that does not eliminate CO2 (same as
VD in health but higher in disease)
VD/VT ratio correct answers anatomic dead space vs tidal volume
VD/VT ratio equation correct answers VD/VT = (PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2
Normal VD/VT ratio correct answers 0.2-0.35
CO2 concentration in alveolar gas and arterial blood is ___ related to alveolar ventilation
correct answers inversely
Why are the lower regions of the lungs better ventilated than the upper regions correct
answers gravity
3 basic elements of respiratory control correct answers central controllers (pons, medulla,
cortex), sensors (chemo, lung...), effectors (respiratory muscles)
Effect of increase effector activity correct answers decreases sensory input to brain (negative
feedback)
