Page 1 of 94
EXAM 2: NR293 / NR 293 (LATEST UPDATE 2025)
PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSING PRACTICE |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE
A - CHAMBERLAIN
Common cold .....ANSWER.....Most caused by viral infection:
rhinovirus or influenza
-Virus invades tissues causing upper respiratory infection
Treatment for common cold .....ANSWER.....Symptomatic only, not
curative
"Empiric therapy"
Empiric therapy .....ANSWER.....Treatment based on experience
usually w/o adequate data to support its use
Antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Compete with histamine for specific
receptor sites
Two histamine receptors: H1 and H2
,Page 2 of 94
H1 (histamine 1) .....ANSWER.....Commonly referred to as
antihistamines
Ex: fexofenadine (allegra), Ioratadine (claritin),
diphenhydramine (benedryl)
H2 (histamine 2) .....ANSWER.....Used to reduce gastric acid in
peptic ulcer disease
Properties of antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Antihistaminic
Anticholinergic
Sedative
Antihistamine MOA .....ANSWER.....Block action of histamine at
H1 receptor sites, preventing adverse consequences of histamine
stimulation
-Cannot push histamine off receptor if already bound
-More effective in preventing actions of histamine rather than
reversing them (should be given early)
,Page 3 of 94
Adverse consequences of histamine stimulation
.....ANSWER.....Vasodilation
Increased GI and respiratory secretions
Increased capillary permeability
Antihistamine uses .....ANSWER.....Management of:
-Nasal allergies
-Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
-Allergic reactions
-Motion sickness
-Parkinson's disease
-Sleep disorders
Relieve symptoms of common cold, sneezing, runny nose
Adverse effects of antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Anticholinergic
(drying) effects are most common
, Page 4 of 94
-Dry mouth
-Difficulty urinating
-Constipation
-Changes in vision
Also drowsiness: mild to deep sleep
Contraindications of antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Acute asthma
attacks
Lower respiratory diseases (pneumonia)
Traditional antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Peripherally and
centrally acting
More effective than non-sedating drugs
Ex: Diphenhydramine, bronpheniramine, chlropheniramine,
dimenhydrinate, meclizine, proethazine
Non-sedating antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Peripherally acting
EXAM 2: NR293 / NR 293 (LATEST UPDATE 2025)
PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSING PRACTICE |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE
A - CHAMBERLAIN
Common cold .....ANSWER.....Most caused by viral infection:
rhinovirus or influenza
-Virus invades tissues causing upper respiratory infection
Treatment for common cold .....ANSWER.....Symptomatic only, not
curative
"Empiric therapy"
Empiric therapy .....ANSWER.....Treatment based on experience
usually w/o adequate data to support its use
Antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Compete with histamine for specific
receptor sites
Two histamine receptors: H1 and H2
,Page 2 of 94
H1 (histamine 1) .....ANSWER.....Commonly referred to as
antihistamines
Ex: fexofenadine (allegra), Ioratadine (claritin),
diphenhydramine (benedryl)
H2 (histamine 2) .....ANSWER.....Used to reduce gastric acid in
peptic ulcer disease
Properties of antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Antihistaminic
Anticholinergic
Sedative
Antihistamine MOA .....ANSWER.....Block action of histamine at
H1 receptor sites, preventing adverse consequences of histamine
stimulation
-Cannot push histamine off receptor if already bound
-More effective in preventing actions of histamine rather than
reversing them (should be given early)
,Page 3 of 94
Adverse consequences of histamine stimulation
.....ANSWER.....Vasodilation
Increased GI and respiratory secretions
Increased capillary permeability
Antihistamine uses .....ANSWER.....Management of:
-Nasal allergies
-Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
-Allergic reactions
-Motion sickness
-Parkinson's disease
-Sleep disorders
Relieve symptoms of common cold, sneezing, runny nose
Adverse effects of antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Anticholinergic
(drying) effects are most common
, Page 4 of 94
-Dry mouth
-Difficulty urinating
-Constipation
-Changes in vision
Also drowsiness: mild to deep sleep
Contraindications of antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Acute asthma
attacks
Lower respiratory diseases (pneumonia)
Traditional antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Peripherally and
centrally acting
More effective than non-sedating drugs
Ex: Diphenhydramine, bronpheniramine, chlropheniramine,
dimenhydrinate, meclizine, proethazine
Non-sedating antihistamines .....ANSWER.....Peripherally acting
