Page 1 of 62
EXAM 2: BIOS251 / BIOS 251 ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY I WITH LAB (LATEST 2025 UPDATES
STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - CHAMBERLAIN
Plasma (cell) membrane .....ANSWER.....Surrounds cell, defines
boundaries• Made of proteins and lipids•
Plasma Membrane structure .....ANSWER.....phospholipid bilayer
with embedded proteins
plasma membrane function .....ANSWER.....selective permeability-
maintains intracellular environment; controls what comes in and
out
Roles of proteins in plasma membrane .....ANSWER.....Structural
Support, transports/Channels, Receptors, Self Markers
Cytoplasm .....ANSWER.....A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which
the organelles are suspended
,Page 2 of 62
Cytoskeleton .....ANSWER.....A network of fibers that holds the
cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in
movement
types of organelles .....ANSWER.....Ribosomes, Endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosome, Centrosome,
and Cell extensions
Lysosomes .....ANSWER.....An organelle containing digestive
enzymes
Autophagy .....ANSWER.....A process in which lysosomes
decompose damaged organelles to reuse their organic
monomers
Peroxisomes .....ANSWER.....Contain oxidase enzymes that
detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful
chemicals
Mitochondria .....ANSWER.....Powerhouse of the cell, organelle
that is the site of ATP (energy) production
,Page 3 of 62
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) .....ANSWER.....System of membranous
passageways fromthe nuclear membrane to the the plasma
membrane
Granular ER .....ANSWER.....is also called rough ER.• Has
ribosomes embedded on the outer surface• Functions in protein
modification
Agrangular (Smooth ER) .....ANSWER.....is also called smooth ER.•
Has many functions, depending on the cell• Ca 2+ storage
Golgi Complex .....ANSWER.....Stacks of flattened sacs(cisternae).
Functions- Processes ER products into final form
Sort and direct finished products to final destinations(intracellular
or extracellular)
The Nucleus .....ANSWER.....Control center of the cell;
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Cell's "control center, Largest organelle, Surrounded by double
lipid bilayer (nuclearenvelope) linked to the cytosol by nuclear
pores, Chromatin, Nucleolus
Transport across membranes .....ANSWER.....simple diffusion
osmosis (simple diffusion of water)
facilitated diffusion
active transport
chemical modification transport (Group translocation)-energy
requiring process
Diffusion .....ANSWER.....Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis .....ANSWER.....Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion .....ANSWER.....Movement of specific
molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
EXAM 2: BIOS251 / BIOS 251 ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY I WITH LAB (LATEST 2025 UPDATES
STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - CHAMBERLAIN
Plasma (cell) membrane .....ANSWER.....Surrounds cell, defines
boundaries• Made of proteins and lipids•
Plasma Membrane structure .....ANSWER.....phospholipid bilayer
with embedded proteins
plasma membrane function .....ANSWER.....selective permeability-
maintains intracellular environment; controls what comes in and
out
Roles of proteins in plasma membrane .....ANSWER.....Structural
Support, transports/Channels, Receptors, Self Markers
Cytoplasm .....ANSWER.....A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which
the organelles are suspended
,Page 2 of 62
Cytoskeleton .....ANSWER.....A network of fibers that holds the
cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in
movement
types of organelles .....ANSWER.....Ribosomes, Endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosome, Centrosome,
and Cell extensions
Lysosomes .....ANSWER.....An organelle containing digestive
enzymes
Autophagy .....ANSWER.....A process in which lysosomes
decompose damaged organelles to reuse their organic
monomers
Peroxisomes .....ANSWER.....Contain oxidase enzymes that
detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful
chemicals
Mitochondria .....ANSWER.....Powerhouse of the cell, organelle
that is the site of ATP (energy) production
,Page 3 of 62
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) .....ANSWER.....System of membranous
passageways fromthe nuclear membrane to the the plasma
membrane
Granular ER .....ANSWER.....is also called rough ER.• Has
ribosomes embedded on the outer surface• Functions in protein
modification
Agrangular (Smooth ER) .....ANSWER.....is also called smooth ER.•
Has many functions, depending on the cell• Ca 2+ storage
Golgi Complex .....ANSWER.....Stacks of flattened sacs(cisternae).
Functions- Processes ER products into final form
Sort and direct finished products to final destinations(intracellular
or extracellular)
The Nucleus .....ANSWER.....Control center of the cell;
, Page 4 of 62
Cell's "control center, Largest organelle, Surrounded by double
lipid bilayer (nuclearenvelope) linked to the cytosol by nuclear
pores, Chromatin, Nucleolus
Transport across membranes .....ANSWER.....simple diffusion
osmosis (simple diffusion of water)
facilitated diffusion
active transport
chemical modification transport (Group translocation)-energy
requiring process
Diffusion .....ANSWER.....Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis .....ANSWER.....Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion .....ANSWER.....Movement of specific
molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
