PATHO FOR NURSING ETSU EXAM 1
2026 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is a deletion? What is the disease associated with
this abnormality? Correct Answer Breakage of
chromosome or *loss of DNA*
Cri du chat syndrome (cry of the cat) Deletion of short arm
of chromosome 5
S/S: Low birth weight, MR, Microcephaly
What is an inversion? Correct Answer *Occurs when two
breaks take place on a chromosome*, followed by the
*reinsertion of the missing fragment at its original site but
in inverted order*
ABCDEFG may be ABEDCFG (inverted)
*No physical defects, always balanced*
What is a Translocation? Correct Answer The
*interchanging of material between nonhomologous
chromosomes*
*Reciprocal translocation* occurs when *two
chromosomes break and the segments are rejoined in an
abnormal arrangement*
EX. Chromosome 1 & 2 break & rejoin with 1 on 2 & 2 on
1
,What is a fragile site? What is the most common one and
the disease associated? Correct Answer Areas on
chromosomes that develop distinctive breaks or gaps
when cells are cultured
One fragile site, located on the *long arm of the X
chromosome*, is associated with *fragile X syndrome*
(2nd most commoon genetic cause of MR, *higher
incidence in males due to having only 1 chromosome*)
What is a Locus? Correct Answer Position of a gene along
a chromosome
What is an allele? Correct Answer A different form of a
particular gene at a given locus
What is Genotype? Correct Answer The composition of
genes (*can't see*)
What is a pedigree? Correct Answer Used to study
specific genetic disorders within families
What is an Autosomal dominant disorder? Correct Answer
Only need 1 allele to get disease
These diseases are *RARE*
EX. Huntington disease
offspring have a 50% recurrent risk of inheriting the
disease
What is autosomal recessive disease? Correct Answer
Both parents are heterozygous carriers
Recurrence risk is 25%
, *Rare*
EX. Cystic Fibrosis
-May be caused by marriage between relatives
What are X-linked disorders? Correct Answer Most are
recessive
*Affected males cannot transmit the gene to sons but they
can to all duaghters*
Sons of female carriers have a *50% risk of being
affected*
What is Intracellular Fluid? Correct Answer Fluid within the
cell (70%)
What is Extracellular fluid? Correct Answer fluid outside
cells (30%)
What is Intravascular fluid? Correct Answer Fluid in the
blood vessel (plasma or liquid part of the blood)
What is Interstitial fluids? Correct Answer Does not include
blood vessel, part of extracellular (fluid that surrounds the
tissue cells including lymph)
What is sensible fluid loss? Correct Answer *Measurable*
urination, defecation, wounds
What is insensible fluid loss? Correct Answer *Cannot be
measured*
Evaporation through skin & lungs
Fever & Burns also increase
2026 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is a deletion? What is the disease associated with
this abnormality? Correct Answer Breakage of
chromosome or *loss of DNA*
Cri du chat syndrome (cry of the cat) Deletion of short arm
of chromosome 5
S/S: Low birth weight, MR, Microcephaly
What is an inversion? Correct Answer *Occurs when two
breaks take place on a chromosome*, followed by the
*reinsertion of the missing fragment at its original site but
in inverted order*
ABCDEFG may be ABEDCFG (inverted)
*No physical defects, always balanced*
What is a Translocation? Correct Answer The
*interchanging of material between nonhomologous
chromosomes*
*Reciprocal translocation* occurs when *two
chromosomes break and the segments are rejoined in an
abnormal arrangement*
EX. Chromosome 1 & 2 break & rejoin with 1 on 2 & 2 on
1
,What is a fragile site? What is the most common one and
the disease associated? Correct Answer Areas on
chromosomes that develop distinctive breaks or gaps
when cells are cultured
One fragile site, located on the *long arm of the X
chromosome*, is associated with *fragile X syndrome*
(2nd most commoon genetic cause of MR, *higher
incidence in males due to having only 1 chromosome*)
What is a Locus? Correct Answer Position of a gene along
a chromosome
What is an allele? Correct Answer A different form of a
particular gene at a given locus
What is Genotype? Correct Answer The composition of
genes (*can't see*)
What is a pedigree? Correct Answer Used to study
specific genetic disorders within families
What is an Autosomal dominant disorder? Correct Answer
Only need 1 allele to get disease
These diseases are *RARE*
EX. Huntington disease
offspring have a 50% recurrent risk of inheriting the
disease
What is autosomal recessive disease? Correct Answer
Both parents are heterozygous carriers
Recurrence risk is 25%
, *Rare*
EX. Cystic Fibrosis
-May be caused by marriage between relatives
What are X-linked disorders? Correct Answer Most are
recessive
*Affected males cannot transmit the gene to sons but they
can to all duaghters*
Sons of female carriers have a *50% risk of being
affected*
What is Intracellular Fluid? Correct Answer Fluid within the
cell (70%)
What is Extracellular fluid? Correct Answer fluid outside
cells (30%)
What is Intravascular fluid? Correct Answer Fluid in the
blood vessel (plasma or liquid part of the blood)
What is Interstitial fluids? Correct Answer Does not include
blood vessel, part of extracellular (fluid that surrounds the
tissue cells including lymph)
What is sensible fluid loss? Correct Answer *Measurable*
urination, defecation, wounds
What is insensible fluid loss? Correct Answer *Cannot be
measured*
Evaporation through skin & lungs
Fever & Burns also increase
