Adult Renal Nursing ACTUAL UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the common signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ CKD presents with fatigue, edema, hypertension, anemia,
electrolyte imbalances, uremic symptoms, and decreased urine output. Nurses monitor vital
signs, fluid balance, lab results including creatinine and eGFR, and electrolyte levels.
Management includes medication therapy, dietary modifications, and dialysis if indicated.
Patient education focuses on adherence to medications, fluid and dietary restrictions, and
early recognition of complications. Supportive care includes blood pressure control, anemia
management, and symptom relief. Early recognition slows disease progression and reduces
complications. Continuous monitoring ensures optimal renal function and patient safety.
How is acute kidney injury (AKI) recognized and managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ AKI presents with sudden decrease in urine output, fluid
retention, electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, confusion, and elevated serum creatinine. Nurses
monitor vital signs, urine output, fluid balance, and lab results. Management includes treating
the underlying cause, fluid management, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and dialysis if
needed. Patient education focuses on early recognition of symptoms and adherence to
treatment plans. Supportive care includes nutrition, careful medication management, and
monitoring for complications. Early intervention improves renal recovery and reduces
morbidity. Continuous assessment ensures stabilization and effective management.
What are the nursing priorities for a patient undergoing hemodialysis?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring vital signs, fluid status, vascular
access site, and response to dialysis. Nurses assess blood pressure, weight, electrolytes, and
signs of hypotension or dialysis-related complications. Supportive care includes pre- and
post-dialysis evaluation, medication management, and patient education. Patient education
focuses on dietary restrictions, fluid limits, medication adherence, and vascular access care.
Early recognition of complications such as hypotension or infection ensures safety.
Continuous monitoring promotes optimal dialysis outcomes. Collaboration with
nephrologists ensures individualized care and adjustments.
How is adult urinary tract infection (UTI) managed in hospital settings?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes administering prescribed antibiotics,
monitoring urine output and characteristics, and maintaining hydration. Nurses assess vital
signs, pain levels, and signs of systemic infection. Patient education focuses on hygiene,
adherence to antibiotics, and recognizing recurrent symptoms. Supportive care includes pain
relief, monitoring for complications, and preventing catheter-associated infections. Early
, intervention prevents progression to pyelonephritis or sepsis. Continuous monitoring ensures
effective treatment and patient safety. Collaboration with the medical team ensures timely
diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
What are the clinical features of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Nephrotic syndrome presents with edema, proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, fatigue, and susceptibility to infections. Nurses monitor
weight, fluid balance, vital signs, urine protein levels, and lab results. Management includes
diuretics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and dietary modifications. Patient education
focuses on medication adherence, low-sodium diet, and infection prevention. Supportive care
includes monitoring for complications such as thromboembolism and malnutrition. Early
recognition reduces morbidity and improves outcomes. Continuous assessment ensures safe
and effective symptom management.
How is adult renal transplant managed postoperatively?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes monitoring for graft function, vital signs,
fluid balance, and signs of rejection or infection. Nurses assess urine output, serum
creatinine, electrolytes, and wound site. Patient education focuses on medication adherence,
infection prevention, and lifestyle modifications. Supportive care includes nutrition,
psychological support, and long-term follow-up. Early detection of complications such as
rejection or infection improves graft survival. Continuous monitoring ensures stability and
optimal recovery. Collaboration with transplant teams ensures individualized care and
education.
What are the signs of hyperkalemia in adults with renal disease?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Hyperkalemia presents with muscle weakness, fatigue,
palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, nausea, and paresthesia. Nurses monitor serum potassium
levels, ECG changes, and vital signs. Management includes medications to lower potassium,
dietary restrictions, and dialysis if severe. Patient education focuses on avoiding high-
potassium foods and adhering to medications. Supportive care includes continuous cardiac
monitoring and early detection of complications. Prompt intervention prevents life-
threatening arrhythmias. Continuous assessment ensures effective management and patient
safety.
How is adult polycystic kidney disease (PKD) managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes blood pressure control, pain
management, infection treatment, and preparation for renal replacement therapy if needed.
Nurses monitor renal function, blood pressure, urinary symptoms, and growth of cysts.
Patient education focuses on lifestyle modifications, genetic counseling, and adherence to
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the common signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ CKD presents with fatigue, edema, hypertension, anemia,
electrolyte imbalances, uremic symptoms, and decreased urine output. Nurses monitor vital
signs, fluid balance, lab results including creatinine and eGFR, and electrolyte levels.
Management includes medication therapy, dietary modifications, and dialysis if indicated.
Patient education focuses on adherence to medications, fluid and dietary restrictions, and
early recognition of complications. Supportive care includes blood pressure control, anemia
management, and symptom relief. Early recognition slows disease progression and reduces
complications. Continuous monitoring ensures optimal renal function and patient safety.
How is acute kidney injury (AKI) recognized and managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ AKI presents with sudden decrease in urine output, fluid
retention, electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, confusion, and elevated serum creatinine. Nurses
monitor vital signs, urine output, fluid balance, and lab results. Management includes treating
the underlying cause, fluid management, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and dialysis if
needed. Patient education focuses on early recognition of symptoms and adherence to
treatment plans. Supportive care includes nutrition, careful medication management, and
monitoring for complications. Early intervention improves renal recovery and reduces
morbidity. Continuous assessment ensures stabilization and effective management.
What are the nursing priorities for a patient undergoing hemodialysis?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring vital signs, fluid status, vascular
access site, and response to dialysis. Nurses assess blood pressure, weight, electrolytes, and
signs of hypotension or dialysis-related complications. Supportive care includes pre- and
post-dialysis evaluation, medication management, and patient education. Patient education
focuses on dietary restrictions, fluid limits, medication adherence, and vascular access care.
Early recognition of complications such as hypotension or infection ensures safety.
Continuous monitoring promotes optimal dialysis outcomes. Collaboration with
nephrologists ensures individualized care and adjustments.
How is adult urinary tract infection (UTI) managed in hospital settings?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes administering prescribed antibiotics,
monitoring urine output and characteristics, and maintaining hydration. Nurses assess vital
signs, pain levels, and signs of systemic infection. Patient education focuses on hygiene,
adherence to antibiotics, and recognizing recurrent symptoms. Supportive care includes pain
relief, monitoring for complications, and preventing catheter-associated infections. Early
, intervention prevents progression to pyelonephritis or sepsis. Continuous monitoring ensures
effective treatment and patient safety. Collaboration with the medical team ensures timely
diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
What are the clinical features of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Nephrotic syndrome presents with edema, proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, fatigue, and susceptibility to infections. Nurses monitor
weight, fluid balance, vital signs, urine protein levels, and lab results. Management includes
diuretics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and dietary modifications. Patient education
focuses on medication adherence, low-sodium diet, and infection prevention. Supportive care
includes monitoring for complications such as thromboembolism and malnutrition. Early
recognition reduces morbidity and improves outcomes. Continuous assessment ensures safe
and effective symptom management.
How is adult renal transplant managed postoperatively?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes monitoring for graft function, vital signs,
fluid balance, and signs of rejection or infection. Nurses assess urine output, serum
creatinine, electrolytes, and wound site. Patient education focuses on medication adherence,
infection prevention, and lifestyle modifications. Supportive care includes nutrition,
psychological support, and long-term follow-up. Early detection of complications such as
rejection or infection improves graft survival. Continuous monitoring ensures stability and
optimal recovery. Collaboration with transplant teams ensures individualized care and
education.
What are the signs of hyperkalemia in adults with renal disease?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Hyperkalemia presents with muscle weakness, fatigue,
palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, nausea, and paresthesia. Nurses monitor serum potassium
levels, ECG changes, and vital signs. Management includes medications to lower potassium,
dietary restrictions, and dialysis if severe. Patient education focuses on avoiding high-
potassium foods and adhering to medications. Supportive care includes continuous cardiac
monitoring and early detection of complications. Prompt intervention prevents life-
threatening arrhythmias. Continuous assessment ensures effective management and patient
safety.
How is adult polycystic kidney disease (PKD) managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes blood pressure control, pain
management, infection treatment, and preparation for renal replacement therapy if needed.
Nurses monitor renal function, blood pressure, urinary symptoms, and growth of cysts.
Patient education focuses on lifestyle modifications, genetic counseling, and adherence to
