Human Growth and Development: Module 1
Study of the Child -
☑️ Mind-Feelings-Body
Mind -
☑️ Cognitive Theorists
Jean Piaget "Stage Theorist" -
☑️ - how a child's mind is developing rationally
-"Stages of Cognitive Development"
Baby's movements -
☑️ -sensory - motor stage of cognition
Trial and Error Approach -
☑️ Toddlers
Adolescents -
☑️ Use logic to talk about ideas
Feelings -
☑️ Psychoanalytic Development
Psychoanalytic Development Thinkers "Stage Theorists" -
☑️ . Sigmund Freud
. Erik Erikson
Oral Stage -
☑️ - Mouth is busy
- "If baby doesn't satisfy oral needs, he may grow up to be a chain-smoker"
- Babies develop trust
- Never get loving treatment - learn to mistrust
Anal Stage -
☑️ Autonomy
Body -
☑️ . Arnold Gesell - Maturist
. B.F. Skinner - Behaviorist
B.F. Skinner -
☑️ - Behavior is learned through consequences
. Repeat: Reinforcement
. Avoid: No Reinforcement
"Social-Learning Theory" -
☑️ - Modeling: why children learn the way they do
- Children more likely to copy the models around them rather than listen to words
, Erikson -
☑️ Impact of culture on development
Lev Vygotsky -
☑️ - impact of culture on development
- how the mind works: children construct knowledge
* "Power of Language"
What is the field of child development? -
☑️ A field of study that seeks to account for the gradual evolution of the child's cognitive,
social, and other capacities by first describing changes in the child's observed behaviors and then
uncovering the process and strategies that underly these changes
Mid 19th Century -
☑️ Ideas about development, evolution and progress
Charles Darwin -
☑️ Law of Development
Herbert Spencer -
☑️ Development of the Ideal Man
Baldwin -
☑️ Children's Social Development
- A dialectical process in which notions of self and other develop co-occurently toward and
increased understanding of both
Dewey -
☑️ - Development manifested through lived experience
- Need to specify direction and ends to growth
- An "ideal" classroom guarantees a "good society"
How is child development divided into domains and periods -
☑️ Domains: Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and Social
Periods
(1) Pre-natal (Conception - Birth)
(2) Infancy (Birth - 2 years)
(3) Early Childhood (2-6)
(4) Middle Childhood (6-11)
(5) Adolescense (11-18)
Three Issues on Which Child-Development Theories Take a Stand -
☑️ (1) Is development continual or discontinual?
(2) Does one course of development characterize all children, or are there many courses,
influenced by contexts?
(3) Nature - nurture / individual differences stable or plastic?
Historical Influences of Childhood Development -
☑️ Medieval: Childhood separate from adult period of life
Reformation: Original sin = harsh child rearing
Study of the Child -
☑️ Mind-Feelings-Body
Mind -
☑️ Cognitive Theorists
Jean Piaget "Stage Theorist" -
☑️ - how a child's mind is developing rationally
-"Stages of Cognitive Development"
Baby's movements -
☑️ -sensory - motor stage of cognition
Trial and Error Approach -
☑️ Toddlers
Adolescents -
☑️ Use logic to talk about ideas
Feelings -
☑️ Psychoanalytic Development
Psychoanalytic Development Thinkers "Stage Theorists" -
☑️ . Sigmund Freud
. Erik Erikson
Oral Stage -
☑️ - Mouth is busy
- "If baby doesn't satisfy oral needs, he may grow up to be a chain-smoker"
- Babies develop trust
- Never get loving treatment - learn to mistrust
Anal Stage -
☑️ Autonomy
Body -
☑️ . Arnold Gesell - Maturist
. B.F. Skinner - Behaviorist
B.F. Skinner -
☑️ - Behavior is learned through consequences
. Repeat: Reinforcement
. Avoid: No Reinforcement
"Social-Learning Theory" -
☑️ - Modeling: why children learn the way they do
- Children more likely to copy the models around them rather than listen to words
, Erikson -
☑️ Impact of culture on development
Lev Vygotsky -
☑️ - impact of culture on development
- how the mind works: children construct knowledge
* "Power of Language"
What is the field of child development? -
☑️ A field of study that seeks to account for the gradual evolution of the child's cognitive,
social, and other capacities by first describing changes in the child's observed behaviors and then
uncovering the process and strategies that underly these changes
Mid 19th Century -
☑️ Ideas about development, evolution and progress
Charles Darwin -
☑️ Law of Development
Herbert Spencer -
☑️ Development of the Ideal Man
Baldwin -
☑️ Children's Social Development
- A dialectical process in which notions of self and other develop co-occurently toward and
increased understanding of both
Dewey -
☑️ - Development manifested through lived experience
- Need to specify direction and ends to growth
- An "ideal" classroom guarantees a "good society"
How is child development divided into domains and periods -
☑️ Domains: Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and Social
Periods
(1) Pre-natal (Conception - Birth)
(2) Infancy (Birth - 2 years)
(3) Early Childhood (2-6)
(4) Middle Childhood (6-11)
(5) Adolescense (11-18)
Three Issues on Which Child-Development Theories Take a Stand -
☑️ (1) Is development continual or discontinual?
(2) Does one course of development characterize all children, or are there many courses,
influenced by contexts?
(3) Nature - nurture / individual differences stable or plastic?
Historical Influences of Childhood Development -
☑️ Medieval: Childhood separate from adult period of life
Reformation: Original sin = harsh child rearing
