CSO EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Cancer cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER -per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat
stores, profound anorexia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia, early
satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations, increased inflammatory
markers and progressive functional impairment.
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable
combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER -protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response
to exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune
response of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
against the pt (host) tissues
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
GVHD - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible,
immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an
immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
,- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
Neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by
chemo or XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
Pancytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
Progression - CORRECT ANSWER -the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously
and form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for
tissue invasion & mets
Xerostomia - CORRECT ANSWER -mouth dryness
Halal diet - CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
Halal diet - CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
Macrobiotic diet - CORRECT ANSWER -Avoid animal products including dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar,
poultry, and processed foods.
No "nightshade vegetables" including potato, peppers and eggplant
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
,50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed, soups
Seventh-Day Adventist: - CORRECT ANSWER -Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
Avoid overeating
Snacking discouraged
Strong seasonings avoided
Avoid: beef, lamb, pork, chicken, seafood, coffee, tea and alcohol
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
Cultural-The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -Day Saints (Mormons) - CORRECT ANSWER -
forbidden: ETOH, hot drinks (coffee-tea), caffeine
Church encouraged limited meat consumption and to eat mostly grains
Some fast 1 day per month and donate food money to the poor
Nausea and vomiting - anticipatory - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs prior to the beginning of a new
cycle of chemotherapy. This occurs after the patient has experienced N&V from an earlier
chemotherapy treatment.
Nausea and vomiting-acute - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs during the first 24-hours after
chemotherapy.
Nausea and vomiting- delayed - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs more than 24 hours after
chemotherapy. Patients at highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving
cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea & vomiting.
- CORRECT ANSWER -High risk >90%
Moderate risk 30-90%
, Low risk 10-30%
Minimal risk <10%
Chemo - Highly emetogenic: CCCMD - CORRECT ANSWER -Cisplatin
Mechlorethamine
Cyclophosphamide >1500mg/m2
Carmustine
Dacarbazine
Chemo - Moderate emetogenic: CCDDEIIIO - CORRECT ANSWER -Oxaliplatin
Cytarabine >1gm/m2
Carboplatin
Ifosfamide
Cyclophosphamide <1500mg/m2
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Epirubicin
Idarubicin
Irinotecan
Chemo - Low emetogenic:CDEGMMPT - CORRECT ANSWER -Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Topotecan
Etoposide
Methotrexate
Mitomycin
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Cancer cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER -per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat
stores, profound anorexia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia, early
satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations, increased inflammatory
markers and progressive functional impairment.
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable
combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER -protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response
to exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune
response of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
against the pt (host) tissues
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
GVHD - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible,
immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an
immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
,- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
Neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by
chemo or XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
Pancytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
Progression - CORRECT ANSWER -the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously
and form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for
tissue invasion & mets
Xerostomia - CORRECT ANSWER -mouth dryness
Halal diet - CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
Halal diet - CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
Macrobiotic diet - CORRECT ANSWER -Avoid animal products including dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar,
poultry, and processed foods.
No "nightshade vegetables" including potato, peppers and eggplant
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
,50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed, soups
Seventh-Day Adventist: - CORRECT ANSWER -Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
Avoid overeating
Snacking discouraged
Strong seasonings avoided
Avoid: beef, lamb, pork, chicken, seafood, coffee, tea and alcohol
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
Cultural-The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -Day Saints (Mormons) - CORRECT ANSWER -
forbidden: ETOH, hot drinks (coffee-tea), caffeine
Church encouraged limited meat consumption and to eat mostly grains
Some fast 1 day per month and donate food money to the poor
Nausea and vomiting - anticipatory - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs prior to the beginning of a new
cycle of chemotherapy. This occurs after the patient has experienced N&V from an earlier
chemotherapy treatment.
Nausea and vomiting-acute - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs during the first 24-hours after
chemotherapy.
Nausea and vomiting- delayed - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs more than 24 hours after
chemotherapy. Patients at highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving
cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea & vomiting.
- CORRECT ANSWER -High risk >90%
Moderate risk 30-90%
, Low risk 10-30%
Minimal risk <10%
Chemo - Highly emetogenic: CCCMD - CORRECT ANSWER -Cisplatin
Mechlorethamine
Cyclophosphamide >1500mg/m2
Carmustine
Dacarbazine
Chemo - Moderate emetogenic: CCDDEIIIO - CORRECT ANSWER -Oxaliplatin
Cytarabine >1gm/m2
Carboplatin
Ifosfamide
Cyclophosphamide <1500mg/m2
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Epirubicin
Idarubicin
Irinotecan
Chemo - Low emetogenic:CDEGMMPT - CORRECT ANSWER -Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Topotecan
Etoposide
Methotrexate
Mitomycin
