CogSci 115 Midterm || 100% Accurate.
reasons to apply neuroscience to the study of happiness correct answers - control
for biases and other problems (happiness is subjective)
- discover underlying neural mechanism of mood states
- provide means of evaluating treatment techniques
- provide evidence that mind changes --> brain changes (growth mindset)
growth mindset correct answers - people learn that their most basic abilities can be
developed through dedication and hard work
- creates love of learning and resilience that is essential
programs to develop growth mindset are most beneficial in students with
__________________ correct answers low socioeconomic status or who are
academically at risk
_____________(low income/high income) students are less likely to hold a growth
mindset correct answers low income
_________(low income/high income) students who exhibit a growth mindset may
perform better than _________________(low income/high income) students with a
fixed mindset correct answers low income, high income
self-directed neuroplasticity correct answers - all mental activity creates new neural
structures
- every thought leaves an imprint
- repeatedly doing small things inside your mid over time will lead to bigger changes
in your brain and your experience of living
happiness and ________ has one of the strongest correlations correct answers
social support
the greatest predictor of happiness in college students during periods of high stress
is ___________ correct answers social support
how many pounds is your brain? correct answers 3 lbs
how many neurons does the brain contain? correct answers 86 billion neurons
how many synaptic connections does the average neuron make to other neurons?
correct answers 1000 - but ranges from a handful up to 200,000 in Purkinje cells
what percent of the body's oxygen and glucose is used by the brain? correct
answers 20%
T/F: your brain uses up to 10x more energy when you're thinking hard, rather than in
a deep sleep. correct answers False
levels of organization of nervous system:
cell: ___________
,tissue: ____________
organ: ____________
system: ____________ correct answers - individual neurons
- nerves, ganglia
- brain and spinal cord
- nervous system
Cell body correct answers the cell's life support center
Dendrites correct answers receive messages from other cells
Axon correct answers passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons,
muscles, or glands
neural impulse (action potential) correct answers electrical signal traveling down the
axon
myelin sheath correct answers covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed
neural impulses
terminal branches of axon correct answers form junctions with other cells
terminal button correct answers bud at the end of an axon; forms synapses with
other neurons; sends information to other neurons via neurotransmitters
Study on 3-5 year old children with higher use of screen-based media had
____________(higher/lower) measures of structural integrity and myelination and
scored _____________(higher/lower) correct answers lower, lower
axons have two basic electrical potentials correct answers -resting membrane
potential
-action potential
resting membrane potential correct answers - extracellular fluid: rich in Na+ and Cl-
- intracellular fluid: rich in K+
- banana(potassium) in the ocean(NaCl)
T/F: Action potential of a given neuron is an all or none phenomenon correct
answers True
How is an action potential determined? (yes or no) correct answers excitatory vs
inhibitory fighting over who is going to win to determine if the action potential will fire
Synapse correct answers a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the
membrane (usually somatic or dendritic membrane) of another neuron
chemical transmission at the synapse correct answers -action potential reaches
terminal buttons
-triggers release of neurotransmitters
-flood into synapse
, -can be received by receptors (dendrites) of other neuron, washed away, or drawn
back into terminal buttons via reuptake
Reuptake correct answers transporters located in the presynaptic membrane
transport the molecules of neurotransmitter back into the cytoplasm (most common)
How do SSRIs work? correct answers SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin,
making more of it available at the synaptic gap and increasing serotonergic energy
Enzymatic deactivation correct answers destruction of a neurotransmitter by an
enzyme after its release
neurogenesis correct answers production of new neurons
adult brain contains stem cells that can divide and produce new neurons primarily in
the _______( ), ________( ), _________( ) and perhaps in the ___________. correct
answers - hippocampus (memory)
- olfactory bulb (smell, motherly attachment)
- amygdala (emotions)
- cerebellum
mechanisms of neural growth correct answers - neurogenesis
- development of new synaptic connections between neurons
- dendritic branching or arborization
Autonomic Nervous System correct answers - central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System correct answers brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System correct answers sensory and motor neurons that
connect the CNS to the rest of the body
- somatic
- autonomic
[PNS] Somatic correct answers muscle control
[PNS] Autonomic correct answers self-regulated action
- sympathetic nervous system (arousing)
- parasympathetic nervous system (calming)
Sympathetic Nervous System correct answers - division of the autonomic nervous
system that controls functions that accompany arousal and expenditure of energy
Adrenal medulla correct answers portion of the adrenal gland that secretes
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Stimulation of Sympathetic Nervous System results in... correct answers increased
heart rate, rise in blood sugar level, piloerection ("goosebumps")
reasons to apply neuroscience to the study of happiness correct answers - control
for biases and other problems (happiness is subjective)
- discover underlying neural mechanism of mood states
- provide means of evaluating treatment techniques
- provide evidence that mind changes --> brain changes (growth mindset)
growth mindset correct answers - people learn that their most basic abilities can be
developed through dedication and hard work
- creates love of learning and resilience that is essential
programs to develop growth mindset are most beneficial in students with
__________________ correct answers low socioeconomic status or who are
academically at risk
_____________(low income/high income) students are less likely to hold a growth
mindset correct answers low income
_________(low income/high income) students who exhibit a growth mindset may
perform better than _________________(low income/high income) students with a
fixed mindset correct answers low income, high income
self-directed neuroplasticity correct answers - all mental activity creates new neural
structures
- every thought leaves an imprint
- repeatedly doing small things inside your mid over time will lead to bigger changes
in your brain and your experience of living
happiness and ________ has one of the strongest correlations correct answers
social support
the greatest predictor of happiness in college students during periods of high stress
is ___________ correct answers social support
how many pounds is your brain? correct answers 3 lbs
how many neurons does the brain contain? correct answers 86 billion neurons
how many synaptic connections does the average neuron make to other neurons?
correct answers 1000 - but ranges from a handful up to 200,000 in Purkinje cells
what percent of the body's oxygen and glucose is used by the brain? correct
answers 20%
T/F: your brain uses up to 10x more energy when you're thinking hard, rather than in
a deep sleep. correct answers False
levels of organization of nervous system:
cell: ___________
,tissue: ____________
organ: ____________
system: ____________ correct answers - individual neurons
- nerves, ganglia
- brain and spinal cord
- nervous system
Cell body correct answers the cell's life support center
Dendrites correct answers receive messages from other cells
Axon correct answers passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons,
muscles, or glands
neural impulse (action potential) correct answers electrical signal traveling down the
axon
myelin sheath correct answers covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed
neural impulses
terminal branches of axon correct answers form junctions with other cells
terminal button correct answers bud at the end of an axon; forms synapses with
other neurons; sends information to other neurons via neurotransmitters
Study on 3-5 year old children with higher use of screen-based media had
____________(higher/lower) measures of structural integrity and myelination and
scored _____________(higher/lower) correct answers lower, lower
axons have two basic electrical potentials correct answers -resting membrane
potential
-action potential
resting membrane potential correct answers - extracellular fluid: rich in Na+ and Cl-
- intracellular fluid: rich in K+
- banana(potassium) in the ocean(NaCl)
T/F: Action potential of a given neuron is an all or none phenomenon correct
answers True
How is an action potential determined? (yes or no) correct answers excitatory vs
inhibitory fighting over who is going to win to determine if the action potential will fire
Synapse correct answers a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the
membrane (usually somatic or dendritic membrane) of another neuron
chemical transmission at the synapse correct answers -action potential reaches
terminal buttons
-triggers release of neurotransmitters
-flood into synapse
, -can be received by receptors (dendrites) of other neuron, washed away, or drawn
back into terminal buttons via reuptake
Reuptake correct answers transporters located in the presynaptic membrane
transport the molecules of neurotransmitter back into the cytoplasm (most common)
How do SSRIs work? correct answers SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin,
making more of it available at the synaptic gap and increasing serotonergic energy
Enzymatic deactivation correct answers destruction of a neurotransmitter by an
enzyme after its release
neurogenesis correct answers production of new neurons
adult brain contains stem cells that can divide and produce new neurons primarily in
the _______( ), ________( ), _________( ) and perhaps in the ___________. correct
answers - hippocampus (memory)
- olfactory bulb (smell, motherly attachment)
- amygdala (emotions)
- cerebellum
mechanisms of neural growth correct answers - neurogenesis
- development of new synaptic connections between neurons
- dendritic branching or arborization
Autonomic Nervous System correct answers - central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System correct answers brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System correct answers sensory and motor neurons that
connect the CNS to the rest of the body
- somatic
- autonomic
[PNS] Somatic correct answers muscle control
[PNS] Autonomic correct answers self-regulated action
- sympathetic nervous system (arousing)
- parasympathetic nervous system (calming)
Sympathetic Nervous System correct answers - division of the autonomic nervous
system that controls functions that accompany arousal and expenditure of energy
Adrenal medulla correct answers portion of the adrenal gland that secretes
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Stimulation of Sympathetic Nervous System results in... correct answers increased
heart rate, rise in blood sugar level, piloerection ("goosebumps")
