Molecular Biology Exam questions
and answers graded A+
Genetics - ANS✅✅The study of hereditary and variation of inverted characteristics
Molecular biology - ANS✅✅The study of the formation, structure, and function of macromolecules
1953 - ANS✅✅Watson and Crick publish the Double Helix.
Genotype - ANS✅✅DNA sequence
Phenotype - ANS✅✅Physical characteristics of an organism
Central dogma - ANS✅✅DNA --> RNA --> Protein
16SrRNA - ANS✅✅Present in all prokaryotes (bacteria & archaea), responsible for translation, a
measure of evolutionary difference
Genomics - ANS✅✅The study of all the genes in an organism to understand their molecular
organization, function, interaction, and evolutionary history.
Metabolism - ANS✅✅All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Controlled by
proteins
Mutant screen - ANS✅✅The isolation of a set of mutants affecting any biological process
Heterokaryon - ANS✅✅Hybrid filament that contains both mutant forms of a gene
Pleiotropy - ANS✅✅The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
Genome - ANS✅✅The totality of DNA in a cell, nucleus, or organelle
, Proteome - ANS✅✅The complete set of proteins encoded in the genome
The principle of segregation - ANS✅✅The paired hereditary genes separate in a way that each
gamete is equally likely to contain either member of the pair.
Alleles - ANS✅✅Different forms of a particular gene
Principle of Independent Assortment - ANS✅✅Segregation of the members of any pair of alleles is
independent on the segregation of other pairs in the formation of reproductive cells
incomplete dominance - ANS✅✅When the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is
intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes
Codominance - ANS✅✅Heterozygous genotype exhibits the traits associated with both
homozygous genotypes
Reciprocal cross - ANS✅✅The outcome of the cross is independent of whether the trait came from
the male or female parent.
Transposable element - ANS✅✅Mobile DNA element that can hope in and disrupt gene
Pedigree - ANS✅✅Family tree showing phenotypes of individuals
Autosomal - ANS✅✅Any chromosomes besides X and Y
Huntington's Disease - ANS✅✅CAG repeated up to 120 times in affected individuals
Trinucleotide repeat - ANS✅✅A type of short tandem repeat
Anticipation - ANS✅✅Increasing severity or decreasing age of onset of an inherited disease in
successive generations within a family
Longer fragments travel shorter distances in ---- - ANS✅✅PCR
and answers graded A+
Genetics - ANS✅✅The study of hereditary and variation of inverted characteristics
Molecular biology - ANS✅✅The study of the formation, structure, and function of macromolecules
1953 - ANS✅✅Watson and Crick publish the Double Helix.
Genotype - ANS✅✅DNA sequence
Phenotype - ANS✅✅Physical characteristics of an organism
Central dogma - ANS✅✅DNA --> RNA --> Protein
16SrRNA - ANS✅✅Present in all prokaryotes (bacteria & archaea), responsible for translation, a
measure of evolutionary difference
Genomics - ANS✅✅The study of all the genes in an organism to understand their molecular
organization, function, interaction, and evolutionary history.
Metabolism - ANS✅✅All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Controlled by
proteins
Mutant screen - ANS✅✅The isolation of a set of mutants affecting any biological process
Heterokaryon - ANS✅✅Hybrid filament that contains both mutant forms of a gene
Pleiotropy - ANS✅✅The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
Genome - ANS✅✅The totality of DNA in a cell, nucleus, or organelle
, Proteome - ANS✅✅The complete set of proteins encoded in the genome
The principle of segregation - ANS✅✅The paired hereditary genes separate in a way that each
gamete is equally likely to contain either member of the pair.
Alleles - ANS✅✅Different forms of a particular gene
Principle of Independent Assortment - ANS✅✅Segregation of the members of any pair of alleles is
independent on the segregation of other pairs in the formation of reproductive cells
incomplete dominance - ANS✅✅When the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is
intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes
Codominance - ANS✅✅Heterozygous genotype exhibits the traits associated with both
homozygous genotypes
Reciprocal cross - ANS✅✅The outcome of the cross is independent of whether the trait came from
the male or female parent.
Transposable element - ANS✅✅Mobile DNA element that can hope in and disrupt gene
Pedigree - ANS✅✅Family tree showing phenotypes of individuals
Autosomal - ANS✅✅Any chromosomes besides X and Y
Huntington's Disease - ANS✅✅CAG repeated up to 120 times in affected individuals
Trinucleotide repeat - ANS✅✅A type of short tandem repeat
Anticipation - ANS✅✅Increasing severity or decreasing age of onset of an inherited disease in
successive generations within a family
Longer fragments travel shorter distances in ---- - ANS✅✅PCR
