NURS 500 EXAM 1 CONTENT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Hydrostatic Pressure - ANS -Pushing pressure
-Mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
Oncotic pressure / gradient - ANS - Pulling effect on water, dependent on albumin(colloid)
-Oncotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma pull water into the circulatory system
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ANS -Fluid within cells and comprises approx. 2/3 (40%) total body
water
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANS -Fluid outside the cells and comprises approx. 1/3 (20%) total
body water -intravascular fluid (blood/plasma) -transcellular fluids (saliva, sweat, spinal fluid)
Interstital fluid (SF) - ANS -Fluid surrounding cells and spaces between... NOT within the
blood vessels
Fluid balance - ANS -The balance of input and output of fluids in the body, to allow metabolic
processes to function properly
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Diffusion - ANS -Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Concentration gradient - ANS -Difference in the concentration of a substance from one
location to another
Facilitated diffusion / transport - ANS -Passage of certain molecules through the plasma
membrane of the ECF with assistance of carrier proteins
Osmosis - ANS -Molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to high
concentration
Active transport - ANS -Requires energy to pass through the membrane
Tonicity (osmolality) - ANS -The change in the concentration of solutes in relation to the
amount of water present
Isotonic (isoosmolar) imbalance - ANS -Gain or loss of extracellular fluid (ECF) resulting in a
concentration equivalent to a 0.9% sodium chloride (salt) solution (normal saline)
-•Does not cause fluid shifts or alter body cell size
Hypertonic (hyperosmolar) imbalance - ANS -Imbalance that results in an ECF concentration
>0.9% salt solution; that is, water loss or solute gain
-cells shrink in a hypertonic fluid
Hypotonic solution - ANS -Fewer particles and more water than blood and body fluids,
causing a fluid shift from ECF into ICF
-Treating dehydrated pt.
-0.45% NaCl(aka 'half normal saline')
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Hydrostatic Pressure - ANS -Pushing pressure
-Mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
Oncotic pressure / gradient - ANS - Pulling effect on water, dependent on albumin(colloid)
-Oncotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma pull water into the circulatory system
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ANS -Fluid within cells and comprises approx. 2/3 (40%) total body
water
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANS -Fluid outside the cells and comprises approx. 1/3 (20%) total
body water -intravascular fluid (blood/plasma) -transcellular fluids (saliva, sweat, spinal fluid)
Interstital fluid (SF) - ANS -Fluid surrounding cells and spaces between... NOT within the
blood vessels
Fluid balance - ANS -The balance of input and output of fluids in the body, to allow metabolic
processes to function properly
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Diffusion - ANS -Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Concentration gradient - ANS -Difference in the concentration of a substance from one
location to another
Facilitated diffusion / transport - ANS -Passage of certain molecules through the plasma
membrane of the ECF with assistance of carrier proteins
Osmosis - ANS -Molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to high
concentration
Active transport - ANS -Requires energy to pass through the membrane
Tonicity (osmolality) - ANS -The change in the concentration of solutes in relation to the
amount of water present
Isotonic (isoosmolar) imbalance - ANS -Gain or loss of extracellular fluid (ECF) resulting in a
concentration equivalent to a 0.9% sodium chloride (salt) solution (normal saline)
-•Does not cause fluid shifts or alter body cell size
Hypertonic (hyperosmolar) imbalance - ANS -Imbalance that results in an ECF concentration
>0.9% salt solution; that is, water loss or solute gain
-cells shrink in a hypertonic fluid
Hypotonic solution - ANS -Fewer particles and more water than blood and body fluids,
causing a fluid shift from ECF into ICF
-Treating dehydrated pt.
-0.45% NaCl(aka 'half normal saline')
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
