Business Law and the Legal Environment,
Standard Edition
9th Edition by
Jeffrey F. Beatty
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual are
included (Ch 1 to 44)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
Solution and Answer Guide
Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Business Law and the Legal Environment—Standard Edition, 2022,
9780357633366; Chapter 1: Introduction to Law
Table of Contents
Multiple Choice Questions ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Case Questions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Discussion Questions ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The United States Constitution is among the finest legal accomplishments in the history of the
world. Which of the following influenced Franklin, Jefferson, and the rest of the Founding Fathers?
A. English common-law principles
, B. The Iroquois’ system of federalism
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
Answer: C. Both English common-law principles and the Iroquois’ system of federalism shaped
the Constitutional framers’ ideas.
2. Which of the following parts of the modern legal system are “borrowed” from medieval England?
A. Jury trials
B. Special rules for selling land
C. Following precedent
D. All of the above
Answer: D. Countless parts of our modern system originated in Merry Olde England.
3. Union organizers at a hospital wanted to distribute leaflets to potential union members, but
hospital rules prohibited leafleting in areas of patient care, hallways, cafeterias, and any areas
open to the public. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), a government agency, ruled that
these restrictions violated the law and ordered the hospital to permit the activities in the cafeteria
and coffee shop. What kind of law was it creating?
A. A statute
B. Common law
C. A constitutional amendment
D. Administrative regulation
Answer: D. The NLRB, as an agency, creates regulations. Congress creates statutes, and judges
shape the common law.
4. If the Congress creates a new statute with the president’s support, it must pass the idea by a
____________ majority vote in the House and the Senate. If the president vetoes a proposed
statute and the Congress wishes to pass it without their support, the idea must pass by a
____________ majority vote in the House and the Senate.
A. simple; simple B. simple; two-thirds
C. simple; three-fourths
D. two-thirds; three-fourths
Answer: B. More than 50 percent to pass initially (a simple majority), two-thirds if an override
is necessary.
5. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., wrote “An unjust law is no law at all.” As such, “One has … a moral
responsibility to obey unjust laws.” Dr. King’s view is an example of: A. legal realism.
B. jurisprudence.
C. legal positivism.
D. natural law.
Answer: D. It is an example of the natural law theory of jurisprudence.
,Case Questions
1. Lance, an Internet hacker, stole 15,000 credit card numbers and sold them on the black market, making
millions. Police caught Lance, and two legal actions followed, one civil and one criminal. Who will be
responsible for bringing the civil case? What will be the outcome if the jury believes that Lance was
responsible for identity thefts? Who will be responsible for bringing the criminal case? What will be the
outcome if the jury believes that Lance stole the numbers?
Answer: The civil cases will be brought by the victims of identity theft, and the outcome of a successful
case against Lance would be some type of monetary award for damages suffered. The criminal case
will be brought by state prosecutors and the outcome would be imprisonment for Lance.
2. As The Oculist’s Case indicates, the medical profession has faced large number of lawsuits for centuries.
In Texas, a law provides that, so long as a doctor was not reckless and did not intentionally harm a
patient, recovery for “pain and suffering” is limited to no more than $750,000. In many other states, no
such limit exists. If a patient will suffer a lifetime of pain after a botched operation, for example, they
might recover millions in compensation.
Which rule seems more sensible to you—the “Texas” rule, or the alternative? Answer:
Answers will vary.
3. You Be the Judge: WRITING PROBLEM Should trials be televised? Here are a few arguments to add to
those in the chapter. You be the judge.
Arguments against Live Television Coverage: We have tried this experiment and it has failed. Trials fall
into two categories: Those that create great public interest and those that do not. No one watches
dull trials, so we do not need to broadcast them. The few that are interesting have all become circuses.
Judges and lawyers have shown that they cannot resist the temptation to play to the camera. Trials
are supposed to be about justice, not entertainment. If a citizen seriously wants to follow a case, they
can do it by reading online news reports or the daily newspaper.
Arguments for Live Television Coverage: It is true that some televised trials have been unseemly affairs,
but that is the fault of the presiding judges, not the media. Indeed, one of the virtues of television
coverage is that millions of people now understand that we have a lot of incompetent people running
our courtrooms. The proper response is to train judges to run a tight trial by prohibiting grandstanding
by lawyers. Access to accurate information is the foundation on which a democracy is built, and we
must not eliminate a source of valuable data just because some judges are ill-trained.
Answer: For most of the “You Be the Judge” writing problems we provide the case citation and holding.
For this question, of course, there is no definitive answer.
4. Leslie Bergh and his two brothers, Milton and Raymond, formed a partnership to help build a fancy
saloon and dance hall in Evanston, Wyoming. Later, Leslie met with his friend and drinking buddy, John
Mills, and tricked Mills into investing in the saloon. Leslie did not tell Mills that no one else was investing
cash or that the entire enterprise was already bankrupt. Mills mortgaged his home, invested $150,000
in the saloon—and lost every penny of it. Mills sued all three partners for fraud. Milton and Raymond
defended on the ground that they did not commit the fraud, only Leslie did. The defendants lost. Was
, that fair? By holding them liable, what general idea did the court rely on? What Anglo-Saxon legal
custom did the ruling resemble?
Answer: The partners are indeed liable. Bergh v. Mills, 763 P.2d 214 (Wyo. 1988). That is the essence
of a partnership: All partners are liable for the acts of any partner committed in the partnership’s
normal business. This is the general idea of collective responsibility. It relates to the “tithing” of English
legal history, in which all tithing members were legally responsible for the conduct of the others.
5. The father of an American woman killed in the Paris terrorist attacks sued Twitter, Facebook, and
YouTube, alleging the sites knowingly allow ISIS terrorists to recruit members, raise money, and spread
extremist propaganda. The sites defended themselves by saying that their policies prohibit terrorist
recruitment and that, when alerted to it, they quickly remove offending videos. What type of lawsuit is
this—criminal or civil? What responsibilities, if any, should social media sites have for the spread of
terrorism?
Answer: The case is a civil case, but answers will vary as to the scope of the responsibilities social media
sites should have for the spread of terrorism.
Discussion Questions
1. In the 1980s, the Supreme Court ruled that it is legal for protesters to burn the American flag. This
activity counts as free speech under the Constitution. If the Court hears a new flag burning case in
this decade, should it consider changing its ruling, or should it follow precedent? Is following past
precedent something that seems sensible to you: always, usually, sometimes, rarely, or never?
Answer: Answers will vary.
2. When should a business be held legally responsible for customer safety? Consider the following
statements, and consider the degree to which you agree or disagree: a. A business should keep
customers safe from its own employees.
b. A business should keep customers safe from other customers.
c. A business should keep customers safe from themselves. (Example: an intoxicated customer who can
no longer walk straight.)
d. A business should keep people outside its own establishment safe if it is reasonable to do so. Answer:
Answers will vary.
3. In his most famous novel, The Red and the Black, the French author Stendhal (1783–1842) wrote:
“There is no such thing as ‘natural law’: this expression is nothing but old nonsense. Prior to laws,
what is natural is only the strength of the lion, or the need of the creature suffering from hunger or
cold, in short, need.” What do you think? Does legal positivism or legal realism seem more sensible
to you?
Answer: Natural law should be a question in the back of our minds throughout the course, because
it is a reminder of morality, and law without morality is despotism. Nonetheless, Stendhal is
obviously correct that both strength and need help to create law. The important thing for this
course is continually to apply moral principles to the rules you study, and make your own
determinations about whether natural law really plays a role.
Standard Edition
9th Edition by
Jeffrey F. Beatty
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual are
included (Ch 1 to 44)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
Solution and Answer Guide
Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Business Law and the Legal Environment—Standard Edition, 2022,
9780357633366; Chapter 1: Introduction to Law
Table of Contents
Multiple Choice Questions ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Case Questions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Discussion Questions ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The United States Constitution is among the finest legal accomplishments in the history of the
world. Which of the following influenced Franklin, Jefferson, and the rest of the Founding Fathers?
A. English common-law principles
, B. The Iroquois’ system of federalism
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
Answer: C. Both English common-law principles and the Iroquois’ system of federalism shaped
the Constitutional framers’ ideas.
2. Which of the following parts of the modern legal system are “borrowed” from medieval England?
A. Jury trials
B. Special rules for selling land
C. Following precedent
D. All of the above
Answer: D. Countless parts of our modern system originated in Merry Olde England.
3. Union organizers at a hospital wanted to distribute leaflets to potential union members, but
hospital rules prohibited leafleting in areas of patient care, hallways, cafeterias, and any areas
open to the public. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), a government agency, ruled that
these restrictions violated the law and ordered the hospital to permit the activities in the cafeteria
and coffee shop. What kind of law was it creating?
A. A statute
B. Common law
C. A constitutional amendment
D. Administrative regulation
Answer: D. The NLRB, as an agency, creates regulations. Congress creates statutes, and judges
shape the common law.
4. If the Congress creates a new statute with the president’s support, it must pass the idea by a
____________ majority vote in the House and the Senate. If the president vetoes a proposed
statute and the Congress wishes to pass it without their support, the idea must pass by a
____________ majority vote in the House and the Senate.
A. simple; simple B. simple; two-thirds
C. simple; three-fourths
D. two-thirds; three-fourths
Answer: B. More than 50 percent to pass initially (a simple majority), two-thirds if an override
is necessary.
5. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., wrote “An unjust law is no law at all.” As such, “One has … a moral
responsibility to obey unjust laws.” Dr. King’s view is an example of: A. legal realism.
B. jurisprudence.
C. legal positivism.
D. natural law.
Answer: D. It is an example of the natural law theory of jurisprudence.
,Case Questions
1. Lance, an Internet hacker, stole 15,000 credit card numbers and sold them on the black market, making
millions. Police caught Lance, and two legal actions followed, one civil and one criminal. Who will be
responsible for bringing the civil case? What will be the outcome if the jury believes that Lance was
responsible for identity thefts? Who will be responsible for bringing the criminal case? What will be the
outcome if the jury believes that Lance stole the numbers?
Answer: The civil cases will be brought by the victims of identity theft, and the outcome of a successful
case against Lance would be some type of monetary award for damages suffered. The criminal case
will be brought by state prosecutors and the outcome would be imprisonment for Lance.
2. As The Oculist’s Case indicates, the medical profession has faced large number of lawsuits for centuries.
In Texas, a law provides that, so long as a doctor was not reckless and did not intentionally harm a
patient, recovery for “pain and suffering” is limited to no more than $750,000. In many other states, no
such limit exists. If a patient will suffer a lifetime of pain after a botched operation, for example, they
might recover millions in compensation.
Which rule seems more sensible to you—the “Texas” rule, or the alternative? Answer:
Answers will vary.
3. You Be the Judge: WRITING PROBLEM Should trials be televised? Here are a few arguments to add to
those in the chapter. You be the judge.
Arguments against Live Television Coverage: We have tried this experiment and it has failed. Trials fall
into two categories: Those that create great public interest and those that do not. No one watches
dull trials, so we do not need to broadcast them. The few that are interesting have all become circuses.
Judges and lawyers have shown that they cannot resist the temptation to play to the camera. Trials
are supposed to be about justice, not entertainment. If a citizen seriously wants to follow a case, they
can do it by reading online news reports or the daily newspaper.
Arguments for Live Television Coverage: It is true that some televised trials have been unseemly affairs,
but that is the fault of the presiding judges, not the media. Indeed, one of the virtues of television
coverage is that millions of people now understand that we have a lot of incompetent people running
our courtrooms. The proper response is to train judges to run a tight trial by prohibiting grandstanding
by lawyers. Access to accurate information is the foundation on which a democracy is built, and we
must not eliminate a source of valuable data just because some judges are ill-trained.
Answer: For most of the “You Be the Judge” writing problems we provide the case citation and holding.
For this question, of course, there is no definitive answer.
4. Leslie Bergh and his two brothers, Milton and Raymond, formed a partnership to help build a fancy
saloon and dance hall in Evanston, Wyoming. Later, Leslie met with his friend and drinking buddy, John
Mills, and tricked Mills into investing in the saloon. Leslie did not tell Mills that no one else was investing
cash or that the entire enterprise was already bankrupt. Mills mortgaged his home, invested $150,000
in the saloon—and lost every penny of it. Mills sued all three partners for fraud. Milton and Raymond
defended on the ground that they did not commit the fraud, only Leslie did. The defendants lost. Was
, that fair? By holding them liable, what general idea did the court rely on? What Anglo-Saxon legal
custom did the ruling resemble?
Answer: The partners are indeed liable. Bergh v. Mills, 763 P.2d 214 (Wyo. 1988). That is the essence
of a partnership: All partners are liable for the acts of any partner committed in the partnership’s
normal business. This is the general idea of collective responsibility. It relates to the “tithing” of English
legal history, in which all tithing members were legally responsible for the conduct of the others.
5. The father of an American woman killed in the Paris terrorist attacks sued Twitter, Facebook, and
YouTube, alleging the sites knowingly allow ISIS terrorists to recruit members, raise money, and spread
extremist propaganda. The sites defended themselves by saying that their policies prohibit terrorist
recruitment and that, when alerted to it, they quickly remove offending videos. What type of lawsuit is
this—criminal or civil? What responsibilities, if any, should social media sites have for the spread of
terrorism?
Answer: The case is a civil case, but answers will vary as to the scope of the responsibilities social media
sites should have for the spread of terrorism.
Discussion Questions
1. In the 1980s, the Supreme Court ruled that it is legal for protesters to burn the American flag. This
activity counts as free speech under the Constitution. If the Court hears a new flag burning case in
this decade, should it consider changing its ruling, or should it follow precedent? Is following past
precedent something that seems sensible to you: always, usually, sometimes, rarely, or never?
Answer: Answers will vary.
2. When should a business be held legally responsible for customer safety? Consider the following
statements, and consider the degree to which you agree or disagree: a. A business should keep
customers safe from its own employees.
b. A business should keep customers safe from other customers.
c. A business should keep customers safe from themselves. (Example: an intoxicated customer who can
no longer walk straight.)
d. A business should keep people outside its own establishment safe if it is reasonable to do so. Answer:
Answers will vary.
3. In his most famous novel, The Red and the Black, the French author Stendhal (1783–1842) wrote:
“There is no such thing as ‘natural law’: this expression is nothing but old nonsense. Prior to laws,
what is natural is only the strength of the lion, or the need of the creature suffering from hunger or
cold, in short, need.” What do you think? Does legal positivism or legal realism seem more sensible
to you?
Answer: Natural law should be a question in the back of our minds throughout the course, because
it is a reminder of morality, and law without morality is despotism. Nonetheless, Stendhal is
obviously correct that both strength and need help to create law. The important thing for this
course is continually to apply moral principles to the rules you study, and make your own
determinations about whether natural law really plays a role.
