CNIT 242 EXAM #2 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Virtualization - Answer -running multiple systems simultaneously on one physical
computer
System Virtualization - Answer -The process of emulating hardware so it can
be made available to multiple logical systems
True or False: Each system is independent of all others - Answer -True
A single computer (virtual server) appears as WHAT TYPE of computers to multiple
client or guest
operating systems? - Answer -independent
Traditional vs virtualized - Answer --Traditionally, hardware is dedicated to OS, on
which applications run
-Virtualization software emulates hardware,
which guest OSes use as if real
When did virtualization start? and why? - Answer -Started by IBM in the 1960s to
partition large mainframe-based systems
When did virtualization stop? and why? - Answer -Abandoned in the 1980s - 90s. Due
to inexpensive x86 servers and the popularity of
client/server applications
When did virtualization pick back up? and why? - Answer -Virtualization support for x86
systems was
started in 1998 by VMware to address server bloat.
Client Based (Hosted) Architecture - Answer -The virtualization layer is installed on top
of an existing Operating System as an application
Client Based (Hosted) Architecture typically allows the best support for what host
hardware? - Answer -Sound cards, USB ports, etc.
Another name for Client Based (Hosted) Architecture is... - Answer -Workstation
virtualization
Which architecture if more efficient...Client Based(Hosted) Architecture or Bare-
Metal(Hypervisor) Architecture? - Answer -Bare-Metal(Hypervisor) Architecture
True or False: Separate Operating System are required for Bare-Metal (Hypervisor)
Architecture - Answer -False, No separate Operating System is necessary
, Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architecture - Answer -Virtualization layer that is installed
directly on the hardware
Virtual Machine(VM) - Answer -Each environment available for O/S installation
Guest Operating System - Answer -The operating system installed in a VM
Host Operating System - Answer -In a hosted architecture, the O/S in which the
virtualization software runs
Hypervisor - Answer -The software that provides the virtualization layer in a bare-metal
architecture
Virtualization Advantages - Answer --Flexibility
-Increased reliability
-Provides a consistent hardware interface regardless of the underlying physical
hardware
-Increased capacity and scalability
-Lower infrastructure costs
-Reduced energy costs
Virtualization Disadvantages - Answer -- Single point of failure
-Complicates hardware maintenance
-Harder to keep track of software and OSes
System Virtualization Components - Answer --Full Virtualization
-Paravirtualization (aka - OS Assist)
-Hardware Assisted
-Memory Virtualization
-Device and I/O Virtualization
Full Virtualization - Answer --Uses binary translation to execute instructions
that are non-virtualizable
-Offers the best isolation and most security
between VMs but is very complex
Paravirtualization (aka - OS Assist) - Answer -Uses a modified guest OS to remove
non-virtualizable instructions
hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV) - Answer -Hypervisor traps non-virtualizable
instructions
and re-issues them to hardware in root mode,
which is a function of CPU enhancements
Memory Virtualization - Answer -Uses virtual to physical mappings maintained by the
hypervisor
Virtualization - Answer -running multiple systems simultaneously on one physical
computer
System Virtualization - Answer -The process of emulating hardware so it can
be made available to multiple logical systems
True or False: Each system is independent of all others - Answer -True
A single computer (virtual server) appears as WHAT TYPE of computers to multiple
client or guest
operating systems? - Answer -independent
Traditional vs virtualized - Answer --Traditionally, hardware is dedicated to OS, on
which applications run
-Virtualization software emulates hardware,
which guest OSes use as if real
When did virtualization start? and why? - Answer -Started by IBM in the 1960s to
partition large mainframe-based systems
When did virtualization stop? and why? - Answer -Abandoned in the 1980s - 90s. Due
to inexpensive x86 servers and the popularity of
client/server applications
When did virtualization pick back up? and why? - Answer -Virtualization support for x86
systems was
started in 1998 by VMware to address server bloat.
Client Based (Hosted) Architecture - Answer -The virtualization layer is installed on top
of an existing Operating System as an application
Client Based (Hosted) Architecture typically allows the best support for what host
hardware? - Answer -Sound cards, USB ports, etc.
Another name for Client Based (Hosted) Architecture is... - Answer -Workstation
virtualization
Which architecture if more efficient...Client Based(Hosted) Architecture or Bare-
Metal(Hypervisor) Architecture? - Answer -Bare-Metal(Hypervisor) Architecture
True or False: Separate Operating System are required for Bare-Metal (Hypervisor)
Architecture - Answer -False, No separate Operating System is necessary
, Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architecture - Answer -Virtualization layer that is installed
directly on the hardware
Virtual Machine(VM) - Answer -Each environment available for O/S installation
Guest Operating System - Answer -The operating system installed in a VM
Host Operating System - Answer -In a hosted architecture, the O/S in which the
virtualization software runs
Hypervisor - Answer -The software that provides the virtualization layer in a bare-metal
architecture
Virtualization Advantages - Answer --Flexibility
-Increased reliability
-Provides a consistent hardware interface regardless of the underlying physical
hardware
-Increased capacity and scalability
-Lower infrastructure costs
-Reduced energy costs
Virtualization Disadvantages - Answer -- Single point of failure
-Complicates hardware maintenance
-Harder to keep track of software and OSes
System Virtualization Components - Answer --Full Virtualization
-Paravirtualization (aka - OS Assist)
-Hardware Assisted
-Memory Virtualization
-Device and I/O Virtualization
Full Virtualization - Answer --Uses binary translation to execute instructions
that are non-virtualizable
-Offers the best isolation and most security
between VMs but is very complex
Paravirtualization (aka - OS Assist) - Answer -Uses a modified guest OS to remove
non-virtualizable instructions
hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV) - Answer -Hypervisor traps non-virtualizable
instructions
and re-issues them to hardware in root mode,
which is a function of CPU enhancements
Memory Virtualization - Answer -Uses virtual to physical mappings maintained by the
hypervisor
