1
NUR 417
NUR 417: Exam1 Care of Adult II – Concordia
University St. Paul
1. what is the balloon inflation port used for?: inflates the balloon at the
catheter tip to measure
pressures of the left side of the heart
2. PA catheters are inserted into _____: right jugular vein
3. what is stroke volume (SV)?: volume of blood ejected with each beat
4. how is SV calculated?: SV = CO/HR
5. what is stroke volume index (SVI)?: measurement of SV adjusted to body
surface area
6. how is SVI calculated?: SVI = CI/HR
7. what is preload?: volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
8. preload is the _____ of the ventricles: passive stretching
9. preload can also be described as the amount of blood...: ejected into
systemic circulation
NUR 417
, 2
NUR 417
10. what clients would have elevated preload?: poor kidney perfusion heart
failure
cardiogenic shock
11. what happens when there is an elevated preload?: fluid gets backed up
into the lungs (pulmonary edema)
12. what medications are used to reduce
preload?: diuretics nitroglycerin morphine
13. how does nitroglycerin reduce preload?: causes
vasodilation which decreases the volume of
blood going into the heart
14. what clients would have decreased preload?: hypovolemic
bleeding
massive vasodilation caused by distributed shock states
15. types of distributive shock: septic anaphylactic
neurogenic
16. how is preload measured?: central venous pressure (CVP)
17. what is CVP?: measurement of RV preload
NUR 417
, 3
NUR 417
18. CVP also reflects...: fluid volume status 29. what is a normal
CVP?: 2-8 mmHg
19. how is CVP measured?: tip of the PA catheter sits in the RA or
superior vena cava...
...when the tricuspid valve opens, the pressure in the RV is reflected back to
the RA
20. what does this measure?: right atrial pressure (RAP) = CVP = preload
21. what does a high CVP indicate?: RV failure or volume overload
22. if CVP is high, what is an appropriate action by the RN?: administer
diuretics, nitroglycerin, or morphine
23. what does a low CVP indicate?: hypovolemia
24. if CVP is low, what is an appropriate action by the RN?: administer
fluids/increased infusion rate
if unsuccessful, administer vasopressor (norepinephrine)
NUR 417
, 4
NUR 417
36 what must always be given before vasopressors?: fluids!
37. what is afterload?: the pressure the ventricles must overcome to eject
blood
38. how is afterload measured?: systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
39. what is SVR?: opposition encountered by the LV
40. how is SVR measured?: directly from PA catheter
41. what is a normal SVR?: 700-1,500 dynes/sec/cm5
42. how can SVR be calculated without PA catheter?: SVR = (MAP-CVP)/CO x
80
43. what clients would have increased afterload?: hypertension
44. what medications lower afterlod?: ACE inhibitors
45. what does a high SVR indicate?: fluid overload vasoconstriction
46. what does a low SVR indicate?: fluid deficit vasodilation
47. what hemodynamic parameters reflect afterload?: SVR and PVR
(SVR = LV; PVR = RV)
NUR 417
NUR 417: Exam1 Care of Adult II – Concordia
University St. Paul
1. what is the balloon inflation port used for?: inflates the balloon at the
catheter tip to measure
pressures of the left side of the heart
2. PA catheters are inserted into _____: right jugular vein
3. what is stroke volume (SV)?: volume of blood ejected with each beat
4. how is SV calculated?: SV = CO/HR
5. what is stroke volume index (SVI)?: measurement of SV adjusted to body
surface area
6. how is SVI calculated?: SVI = CI/HR
7. what is preload?: volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
8. preload is the _____ of the ventricles: passive stretching
9. preload can also be described as the amount of blood...: ejected into
systemic circulation
NUR 417
, 2
NUR 417
10. what clients would have elevated preload?: poor kidney perfusion heart
failure
cardiogenic shock
11. what happens when there is an elevated preload?: fluid gets backed up
into the lungs (pulmonary edema)
12. what medications are used to reduce
preload?: diuretics nitroglycerin morphine
13. how does nitroglycerin reduce preload?: causes
vasodilation which decreases the volume of
blood going into the heart
14. what clients would have decreased preload?: hypovolemic
bleeding
massive vasodilation caused by distributed shock states
15. types of distributive shock: septic anaphylactic
neurogenic
16. how is preload measured?: central venous pressure (CVP)
17. what is CVP?: measurement of RV preload
NUR 417
, 3
NUR 417
18. CVP also reflects...: fluid volume status 29. what is a normal
CVP?: 2-8 mmHg
19. how is CVP measured?: tip of the PA catheter sits in the RA or
superior vena cava...
...when the tricuspid valve opens, the pressure in the RV is reflected back to
the RA
20. what does this measure?: right atrial pressure (RAP) = CVP = preload
21. what does a high CVP indicate?: RV failure or volume overload
22. if CVP is high, what is an appropriate action by the RN?: administer
diuretics, nitroglycerin, or morphine
23. what does a low CVP indicate?: hypovolemia
24. if CVP is low, what is an appropriate action by the RN?: administer
fluids/increased infusion rate
if unsuccessful, administer vasopressor (norepinephrine)
NUR 417
, 4
NUR 417
36 what must always be given before vasopressors?: fluids!
37. what is afterload?: the pressure the ventricles must overcome to eject
blood
38. how is afterload measured?: systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
39. what is SVR?: opposition encountered by the LV
40. how is SVR measured?: directly from PA catheter
41. what is a normal SVR?: 700-1,500 dynes/sec/cm5
42. how can SVR be calculated without PA catheter?: SVR = (MAP-CVP)/CO x
80
43. what clients would have increased afterload?: hypertension
44. what medications lower afterlod?: ACE inhibitors
45. what does a high SVR indicate?: fluid overload vasoconstriction
46. what does a low SVR indicate?: fluid deficit vasodilation
47. what hemodynamic parameters reflect afterload?: SVR and PVR
(SVR = LV; PVR = RV)
