Microbio 303 Exam queries with
answers graded A+
Microbiology - ANS✅✅the study of the microbial world
microorganism/microbe - ANS✅✅small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye
what % are microorganism in respect to other living organisms - ANS✅✅90%
all animals are... - ANS✅✅hosts to symbiotic relationships
how many bacterial cells are associated with our body, and what % belongs to the GI tract -
ANS✅✅100 trillion, 95%
how much weight is contributed by bacteria in the body? - ANS✅✅2-6 lbs
each part of the body has its own... - ANS✅✅microbial fingerprint
microbes are essential to life, our normal microbiota are responsible for 5 main things: - ANS✅✅1.
defense
2. boost immune system
3. protect from allergies and autoimmune disease
4. make nutrients available by digesting foods
5. detoxify by absorbing/degrading toxins
old friends hypothesis - ANS✅✅early exposure to certain microbes helps body to distinguish
friendly and harmful microbes
ALL microorganism host.... - ANS✅✅symbiotic microbes
2 examples of symbiotic microbes playing a role in host disease resistance: - ANS✅✅1. coral with
microbes
,2. leaf cutter ants with anti fungal bacteria
amphibians host a --------------- community of bacteria on their skin - ANS✅✅very diverse
infectious disease: - ANS✅✅caused by a microbe
T/F: All microbes cause disease - ANS✅✅false
death rates due to infectious disease has....... - ANS✅✅reduced significantly in the last 100 years
4 ways the death rates have decreased from infections: - ANS✅✅1. vaccines
2. sanitation
3. health departments
4. antibiotics
Vaccination Assistance Act - ANS✅✅1962, before that no nationwide vaccine program existed
influenza pandemic - ANS✅✅1918 global outbreak of influenza, a highly contagious viral infection,
killing as many as 20-40 million people worldwide.
Polio virus - ANS✅✅1955 vaccine, still exists in Pakistan and Afghanistan
smallpox virus - ANS✅✅once a leading killer for centuries, responsible for 10 million deaths over
4000 years, eradicated by 1980, last known case was 1977
origin of smallpox vaccine - ANS✅✅Edward Jenner in 1796 took pus from milkmaid with cowpox
and injected it into James Phipps, he got slightly sick. He didn't get smallpox when exposed to it
Plague - ANS✅✅1/3 of European population died in the 1340s
now there is control of the host (rodents)
now there are antibiotics
, some leading causes of death today: - ANS✅✅respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases
emerging infectious diseases: - ANS✅✅an infectious disease that has become more common in
the past 2 decades, new or old diseases
factors associated with emerging disease: - ANS✅✅1. changing lifestyles-more contact with
wildlife
2. decline of vaccinations
3. pathogens become resistant
4. increased travel and immigration
1998 British study did what? - ANS✅✅falsely linked autism to MMR vaccine
herd immunity: - ANS✅✅a means of protecting a whole community from disease by immunizing a
critical mass of its populace
critical mass - ANS✅✅depends on Ro (reproductive number)
Ro - ANS✅✅how many susceptible hosts become infected from a single host
2 examples of plant and animal epidemics affecting food supply - ANS✅✅Irish potato famine-
water mold
foot and mouth disease- virus
applications of microbiology - ANS✅✅food production and bioremediation
microorganisms synthesize materials used in many products - ANS✅✅antibiotics, vaccines,
cellulose, ethanol, diapers, pesticides, amino acids
molecular biology tools - ANS✅✅PCR, sequencing
genetic engineering - ANS✅✅cloning, CRISPR, vaccines, insulin, gene therapy, gmo plants for
resistance to disease
answers graded A+
Microbiology - ANS✅✅the study of the microbial world
microorganism/microbe - ANS✅✅small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye
what % are microorganism in respect to other living organisms - ANS✅✅90%
all animals are... - ANS✅✅hosts to symbiotic relationships
how many bacterial cells are associated with our body, and what % belongs to the GI tract -
ANS✅✅100 trillion, 95%
how much weight is contributed by bacteria in the body? - ANS✅✅2-6 lbs
each part of the body has its own... - ANS✅✅microbial fingerprint
microbes are essential to life, our normal microbiota are responsible for 5 main things: - ANS✅✅1.
defense
2. boost immune system
3. protect from allergies and autoimmune disease
4. make nutrients available by digesting foods
5. detoxify by absorbing/degrading toxins
old friends hypothesis - ANS✅✅early exposure to certain microbes helps body to distinguish
friendly and harmful microbes
ALL microorganism host.... - ANS✅✅symbiotic microbes
2 examples of symbiotic microbes playing a role in host disease resistance: - ANS✅✅1. coral with
microbes
,2. leaf cutter ants with anti fungal bacteria
amphibians host a --------------- community of bacteria on their skin - ANS✅✅very diverse
infectious disease: - ANS✅✅caused by a microbe
T/F: All microbes cause disease - ANS✅✅false
death rates due to infectious disease has....... - ANS✅✅reduced significantly in the last 100 years
4 ways the death rates have decreased from infections: - ANS✅✅1. vaccines
2. sanitation
3. health departments
4. antibiotics
Vaccination Assistance Act - ANS✅✅1962, before that no nationwide vaccine program existed
influenza pandemic - ANS✅✅1918 global outbreak of influenza, a highly contagious viral infection,
killing as many as 20-40 million people worldwide.
Polio virus - ANS✅✅1955 vaccine, still exists in Pakistan and Afghanistan
smallpox virus - ANS✅✅once a leading killer for centuries, responsible for 10 million deaths over
4000 years, eradicated by 1980, last known case was 1977
origin of smallpox vaccine - ANS✅✅Edward Jenner in 1796 took pus from milkmaid with cowpox
and injected it into James Phipps, he got slightly sick. He didn't get smallpox when exposed to it
Plague - ANS✅✅1/3 of European population died in the 1340s
now there is control of the host (rodents)
now there are antibiotics
, some leading causes of death today: - ANS✅✅respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases
emerging infectious diseases: - ANS✅✅an infectious disease that has become more common in
the past 2 decades, new or old diseases
factors associated with emerging disease: - ANS✅✅1. changing lifestyles-more contact with
wildlife
2. decline of vaccinations
3. pathogens become resistant
4. increased travel and immigration
1998 British study did what? - ANS✅✅falsely linked autism to MMR vaccine
herd immunity: - ANS✅✅a means of protecting a whole community from disease by immunizing a
critical mass of its populace
critical mass - ANS✅✅depends on Ro (reproductive number)
Ro - ANS✅✅how many susceptible hosts become infected from a single host
2 examples of plant and animal epidemics affecting food supply - ANS✅✅Irish potato famine-
water mold
foot and mouth disease- virus
applications of microbiology - ANS✅✅food production and bioremediation
microorganisms synthesize materials used in many products - ANS✅✅antibiotics, vaccines,
cellulose, ethanol, diapers, pesticides, amino acids
molecular biology tools - ANS✅✅PCR, sequencing
genetic engineering - ANS✅✅cloning, CRISPR, vaccines, insulin, gene therapy, gmo plants for
resistance to disease
