NR283 EXAM Latest Questions with
Correct Answers
Based |on |which |factors |are |the |number |and |types |of |tests |needed |to |confirm |an |alteration |in |health
|chosen? |- |ANSWER |- |- |condition |of |the |person
- pathophysiological |process |suspected
- cues |related |to |body |system
Risk |factors |that |can |not |be |prevented |- |ANSWER |- |-gender |at |birth
- family |history
Risk |factors |that |can |prevented |health |alteration |- |ANSWER |- |- |eating |a |well |balanced |diet
- maintaining |a |healthy |weight
- exercising |regularly
- reducing |stress
primary |prevention |- |ANSWER |- |when |done |consistently, |works |together |to |keep |the |body |strong |and
|health
genetics |- |ANSWER |- |the |study |of |heredity, |the |expression |of |the |traits |passed |on |through |generation
genome |- |ANSWER |- |- |represent |all |of |your |DNA
- contain |the |scientific |info |needed |to |build |and |maintain |organism |throughout |its |life
Genomics |- |ANSWER |- |study |of |genomes
Human |Genome |Project |- |ANSWER |- |to |map |or |locate, |genetic |information |on |specific |chromosomal
|locations |to |learn |how |a |person's |genetic |structure |contributes |to |disease
pg. |1
,Autosomal |recessive |disorder |of |a |single |gene |- |ANSWER |- |sickle |cell |anemia |is |why |type |of |disorder
genetically |male |XY |- |ANSWER |- |most |likely |to |experience |X-linked |diseases |that |carry |a |dominant
|gene |on |the |X-chromosome |where |there |is |no |back |up |gene |on |the |Y |chromosome
gene |- |ANSWER |- |blueprints |for |how |protein |are |coded |within |all |cells
- coding |determine |how |the |it |is |expressed |or |seen |in |the |body
In |which |ways |are |genomics |transforming |the |world? |- |ANSWER |- |can |be |used |to |discover |treatments
|for |rare |genetic |conditions, |edit |genes |within |plants |to |create |new |variations, |or |provide |a |means |for
|people |to |understand |their |heritage |(DNA |testing)
-DNA |sequencing
- human |genomic |variation
- cancer |genomics
- human |origins |and |ancestry
- agriculture
- genomes |at |work
- rare |genetic |diseases
- pharmacogenomics
- noninvasive |prenatal |genetic |testing
-enhanced |forensics
-microbes |and |microbiomes
- direct-to-consumer |genomic | testing
- the |natural |world
- genome |editing
- social |context
alleles |- |ANSWER |- |inheritance |of |specific |features |are |determine |by
pg. |2
,autosomal |disorders |- |ANSWER |- |disorders |carries |on |human |chromosomes
other |than |the |X |or |Y |chromosomes.
|
autosomal |recessive |- |ANSWER |- |two |copies |of |an |abnormal |gene |must |be |present |in |order |for |the
|disease |or |trait |to |develop
Autosomal-Dominant |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |adult |polycystic |kidney |disease
Autosomal-Dominant |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |huntington |chorea
Autosomal-Dominant |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |marfan |syndrome
Autosomal-Recessive |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |Cystic |fibrosis
Autosomal-Recessive |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |sickle |cell |anemia
X-linked |Dominant |Disorder |- |ANSWER |- |fragile |x |syndrome
X-linked |recessive |disorders |- |ANSWER |- |color |blindness, |duchenne |muscular |dystrophy, |hemophilia
Multifactoral |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |Cleft |lip |and |palate
Clubfoot
|
Congenital |heart |disease
Type |II |diabetes
|
Chromosomal |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |Down |syndrome
Klinefelter |syndrome
|
Turner |syndrome
pg. |3
, Developmental |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |referred |to |as |chromosomal |disorders, |occur |at |birth |and |may
|not |have |an |inherited |genetic |component
TORCH |- |ANSWER |- |T: |Toxoplasmosis
O: |Other |diseases |(syphilis, |coxsackievirus, |varicella |zoster, |AIDS, |and
chlamydia) |R: |Rubella
|
C: |Cytomegalovirus
H: |Herpes |simplex |virus
Multifactorial |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |- |result |of |an |interaction |between |genes |and |the |environment
- present |at |birth |(e.g., |cleft |lip |or |palate) |or |they |may |be |expressed |later |in |life |(e.g.,
|hypertension). |Environmental |influences |include |infections, |chemicals, |and |radiation
Pre-Pregnancy |Screening |- |ANSWER |- |Individuals |with |a |personal |or |family |history |of |inherited |genetic
|disorders |can |complete |DNA |testing |to |discover |if |they |carry |genes |that |can |be |passed |to |their |children
Prenatal |Screening |and |Testing |- |ANSWER |- |Early |diagnosis |of |genetic |disorders |can |give |reassurance
|to |high-risk |families, |provide |time |to |plan |for |the |special |needs |of |an |affected |child, |or |time |to
|make |an
informed |decision |about |aborting |the |pregnancy. |Prenatal |DNA |screening |can |also |establish |the
|paternity |of |the |child |if |that |is |in |doubt.
Prenatal |testing |- |ANSWER |- |ultrasonography |(visualize |abnormalities), |maternal |blood |tests |(testing |for
|fetal |substances), |amniocentesis |(removing |amniotic |fluid |using |a |needle), |or |chorionic |villus |sampling
|(also |obtained |using |a |needle)
amniocentesis |and |chorionic |villus |sampling |- |ANSWER |- |place |the |mother |and |fetus |at |risk |for
|infection |and |miscarriage.
Neonatal |Screening |and |Testing |- |ANSWER |- |- |newborns |do |not |show |metabolic |disorders |in |the |first
|two |days |of |life |because |the |maternal |kidneys |have |been |active
- After |about |48 |hours, |a |heel |stick |can |be |used |to |obtain |blood |for |genetic |testing
pg. |4
Correct Answers
Based |on |which |factors |are |the |number |and |types |of |tests |needed |to |confirm |an |alteration |in |health
|chosen? |- |ANSWER |- |- |condition |of |the |person
- pathophysiological |process |suspected
- cues |related |to |body |system
Risk |factors |that |can |not |be |prevented |- |ANSWER |- |-gender |at |birth
- family |history
Risk |factors |that |can |prevented |health |alteration |- |ANSWER |- |- |eating |a |well |balanced |diet
- maintaining |a |healthy |weight
- exercising |regularly
- reducing |stress
primary |prevention |- |ANSWER |- |when |done |consistently, |works |together |to |keep |the |body |strong |and
|health
genetics |- |ANSWER |- |the |study |of |heredity, |the |expression |of |the |traits |passed |on |through |generation
genome |- |ANSWER |- |- |represent |all |of |your |DNA
- contain |the |scientific |info |needed |to |build |and |maintain |organism |throughout |its |life
Genomics |- |ANSWER |- |study |of |genomes
Human |Genome |Project |- |ANSWER |- |to |map |or |locate, |genetic |information |on |specific |chromosomal
|locations |to |learn |how |a |person's |genetic |structure |contributes |to |disease
pg. |1
,Autosomal |recessive |disorder |of |a |single |gene |- |ANSWER |- |sickle |cell |anemia |is |why |type |of |disorder
genetically |male |XY |- |ANSWER |- |most |likely |to |experience |X-linked |diseases |that |carry |a |dominant
|gene |on |the |X-chromosome |where |there |is |no |back |up |gene |on |the |Y |chromosome
gene |- |ANSWER |- |blueprints |for |how |protein |are |coded |within |all |cells
- coding |determine |how |the |it |is |expressed |or |seen |in |the |body
In |which |ways |are |genomics |transforming |the |world? |- |ANSWER |- |can |be |used |to |discover |treatments
|for |rare |genetic |conditions, |edit |genes |within |plants |to |create |new |variations, |or |provide |a |means |for
|people |to |understand |their |heritage |(DNA |testing)
-DNA |sequencing
- human |genomic |variation
- cancer |genomics
- human |origins |and |ancestry
- agriculture
- genomes |at |work
- rare |genetic |diseases
- pharmacogenomics
- noninvasive |prenatal |genetic |testing
-enhanced |forensics
-microbes |and |microbiomes
- direct-to-consumer |genomic | testing
- the |natural |world
- genome |editing
- social |context
alleles |- |ANSWER |- |inheritance |of |specific |features |are |determine |by
pg. |2
,autosomal |disorders |- |ANSWER |- |disorders |carries |on |human |chromosomes
other |than |the |X |or |Y |chromosomes.
|
autosomal |recessive |- |ANSWER |- |two |copies |of |an |abnormal |gene |must |be |present |in |order |for |the
|disease |or |trait |to |develop
Autosomal-Dominant |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |adult |polycystic |kidney |disease
Autosomal-Dominant |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |huntington |chorea
Autosomal-Dominant |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |marfan |syndrome
Autosomal-Recessive |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |Cystic |fibrosis
Autosomal-Recessive |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |sickle |cell |anemia
X-linked |Dominant |Disorder |- |ANSWER |- |fragile |x |syndrome
X-linked |recessive |disorders |- |ANSWER |- |color |blindness, |duchenne |muscular |dystrophy, |hemophilia
Multifactoral |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |Cleft |lip |and |palate
Clubfoot
|
Congenital |heart |disease
Type |II |diabetes
|
Chromosomal |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |Down |syndrome
Klinefelter |syndrome
|
Turner |syndrome
pg. |3
, Developmental |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |referred |to |as |chromosomal |disorders, |occur |at |birth |and |may
|not |have |an |inherited |genetic |component
TORCH |- |ANSWER |- |T: |Toxoplasmosis
O: |Other |diseases |(syphilis, |coxsackievirus, |varicella |zoster, |AIDS, |and
chlamydia) |R: |Rubella
|
C: |Cytomegalovirus
H: |Herpes |simplex |virus
Multifactorial |Disorders |- |ANSWER |- |- |result |of |an |interaction |between |genes |and |the |environment
- present |at |birth |(e.g., |cleft |lip |or |palate) |or |they |may |be |expressed |later |in |life |(e.g.,
|hypertension). |Environmental |influences |include |infections, |chemicals, |and |radiation
Pre-Pregnancy |Screening |- |ANSWER |- |Individuals |with |a |personal |or |family |history |of |inherited |genetic
|disorders |can |complete |DNA |testing |to |discover |if |they |carry |genes |that |can |be |passed |to |their |children
Prenatal |Screening |and |Testing |- |ANSWER |- |Early |diagnosis |of |genetic |disorders |can |give |reassurance
|to |high-risk |families, |provide |time |to |plan |for |the |special |needs |of |an |affected |child, |or |time |to
|make |an
informed |decision |about |aborting |the |pregnancy. |Prenatal |DNA |screening |can |also |establish |the
|paternity |of |the |child |if |that |is |in |doubt.
Prenatal |testing |- |ANSWER |- |ultrasonography |(visualize |abnormalities), |maternal |blood |tests |(testing |for
|fetal |substances), |amniocentesis |(removing |amniotic |fluid |using |a |needle), |or |chorionic |villus |sampling
|(also |obtained |using |a |needle)
amniocentesis |and |chorionic |villus |sampling |- |ANSWER |- |place |the |mother |and |fetus |at |risk |for
|infection |and |miscarriage.
Neonatal |Screening |and |Testing |- |ANSWER |- |- |newborns |do |not |show |metabolic |disorders |in |the |first
|two |days |of |life |because |the |maternal |kidneys |have |been |active
- After |about |48 |hours, |a |heel |stick |can |be |used |to |obtain |blood |for |genetic |testing
pg. |4
