USAHS Neuroscience Exam 3
Questions and Answers
After light enters the lens to the retina, what is the pathway through the layers of retina
to the optic nerve? - ANSWER-Photoreceptors respond to light in receptive fields and
form excitatory or inhibitory synapses—to bipolar cells - and sends it to the ganglion
cells—where it sends it to the optic nerve
What are the two types of ganglion cells in the innermost layer? - ANSWER-a. Parasol
cells aka A cells, p-alpha
b. Midget cells aka B cells, p-beta
What ganglion cells respond to gross stimulus features and mvmt and where to they
project to? - ANSWER-a. Parasol cells
b. Project to magnocellular layer in LGN
What ganglion cells responds to very fine visual details and color? And what layer does
it project to? - ANSWER-Midget cells and parvocellular layers in LGN
T/F the medial geniculate nucleus is associate w the visual pathway - ANSWER-a.
False
What is the cranial nerve exit for glossopharyngeal and what is tis branch and exit? -
ANSWER-a. Jugular foramen
b. Branch is lesser petrosal
c. Exit- comes out of foramen ovale
Exit for vagus cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Jugular foramen
Exit for accessory cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Jugular foramen
What is the cranial nerve exit for olfactory nerve? - ANSWER-Cribriform plate
What is the cranial nerve exit for the optic nerve? - ANSWER-Optic canal
What is the cranial nerve exit for the oculomotor nerve? - ANSWER-Superior orbital
fissure
What is the cranial nerve exit for trochlear nerve? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure
, How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have and what are their exits? -
ANSWER-a. 3
b. Ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure
c. Maxillary foramen- rotundum
d. Mandibular - foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
What is the cranial nerve exit for abducens? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure
What is the cranial nerve exit for facial nerve? - ANSWER-Stylomastoid foramen and
internal acoustic meatus
How many branches does the facial nerve have? What is the nerve exit? - ANSWER-
Greater petrosal nerve- foramen lacerum
What is the cranial nerve exit for vestibulocochlear? - ANSWER-internal acoustic
meatus
Exit for hypoglossal cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Hypoglossal canal
Where does the light enter through? - ANSWER-lens
Once light enters through the lens it goes to the what? - ANSWER-retina
What is the central fixation for each eye w the highest visual acuity? - ANSWER-fovea
This surrounds the fovea and also has a relatively high visual acuity? - ANSWER-
macula
This area is formed by axons leaving the retina and has no photoreceptors - ANSWER-
optic disc
15 degs lateral temporal is known as your what? - ANSWER-blind spot
What are the 3 layers of the retina? - ANSWER-outmost layer
biplor layer
innermost layer
What layer contains rods and cones? - ANSWER-outermost
Do rods or cones provide low resolution visual images? - ANSWER-rods
Are there more rods or cones? - ANSWER-rods
Which one does not detect color? - ANSWER-rods
Questions and Answers
After light enters the lens to the retina, what is the pathway through the layers of retina
to the optic nerve? - ANSWER-Photoreceptors respond to light in receptive fields and
form excitatory or inhibitory synapses—to bipolar cells - and sends it to the ganglion
cells—where it sends it to the optic nerve
What are the two types of ganglion cells in the innermost layer? - ANSWER-a. Parasol
cells aka A cells, p-alpha
b. Midget cells aka B cells, p-beta
What ganglion cells respond to gross stimulus features and mvmt and where to they
project to? - ANSWER-a. Parasol cells
b. Project to magnocellular layer in LGN
What ganglion cells responds to very fine visual details and color? And what layer does
it project to? - ANSWER-Midget cells and parvocellular layers in LGN
T/F the medial geniculate nucleus is associate w the visual pathway - ANSWER-a.
False
What is the cranial nerve exit for glossopharyngeal and what is tis branch and exit? -
ANSWER-a. Jugular foramen
b. Branch is lesser petrosal
c. Exit- comes out of foramen ovale
Exit for vagus cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Jugular foramen
Exit for accessory cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Jugular foramen
What is the cranial nerve exit for olfactory nerve? - ANSWER-Cribriform plate
What is the cranial nerve exit for the optic nerve? - ANSWER-Optic canal
What is the cranial nerve exit for the oculomotor nerve? - ANSWER-Superior orbital
fissure
What is the cranial nerve exit for trochlear nerve? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure
, How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have and what are their exits? -
ANSWER-a. 3
b. Ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure
c. Maxillary foramen- rotundum
d. Mandibular - foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
What is the cranial nerve exit for abducens? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure
What is the cranial nerve exit for facial nerve? - ANSWER-Stylomastoid foramen and
internal acoustic meatus
How many branches does the facial nerve have? What is the nerve exit? - ANSWER-
Greater petrosal nerve- foramen lacerum
What is the cranial nerve exit for vestibulocochlear? - ANSWER-internal acoustic
meatus
Exit for hypoglossal cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Hypoglossal canal
Where does the light enter through? - ANSWER-lens
Once light enters through the lens it goes to the what? - ANSWER-retina
What is the central fixation for each eye w the highest visual acuity? - ANSWER-fovea
This surrounds the fovea and also has a relatively high visual acuity? - ANSWER-
macula
This area is formed by axons leaving the retina and has no photoreceptors - ANSWER-
optic disc
15 degs lateral temporal is known as your what? - ANSWER-blind spot
What are the 3 layers of the retina? - ANSWER-outmost layer
biplor layer
innermost layer
What layer contains rods and cones? - ANSWER-outermost
Do rods or cones provide low resolution visual images? - ANSWER-rods
Are there more rods or cones? - ANSWER-rods
Which one does not detect color? - ANSWER-rods
