BIO 102 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE, 2025/2026
Which of the following natural forces is responsible for
the release of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric
gases?
Question 1 options:
burning of fossil fuels
the Milankovitch cycles
volcanoes
solar intensity
Question 2 (1.666666667 points)
Select all the statements that describe adverse effects
of climate change on organisms:
Question 2 options:
Warmer temperatures in the Arctic cause more sea ice to melt in the summer, reducing feeding opportunities for
polar bears who hunt from the ice shelves.
Higher levels of CO2 in ocean water react with water to form carbonic acid, lowering the ocean pH and altering t
balanced environmental conditions required for marine organisms.
Warmer ocean water temperatures can cause corals to eject their photosynthetic endosymbiont, which bleaches t
coral and can lead to coral death.
Higher ocean water temperatures cause sea ice and glaciers to melt, increasing the distance between nesting and
feeding sites of some birds. As a result, young birds are starving.
Higher levels of CO2 in ocean water react with water to form carbonic acid, lowering the ocean pH. This lower p
increases calcification, leading to harder reefs and shells.
Question 3 (1.666666667 points)
Human arms and a whale flipper have similar skeletal
arrangement indicating common ancestry. In this case,
the forelimbs of humans and whales is an example
of:
Question 3 options:
an analogous trait
an ancestral character
,a homologous trait
a coincidence
, Question 4 (1.666666667 points)
What it means to say a bacteria is chemolithotrophic?
Question 4 options:
They use hydrogen sulfide as a source of C-C bonds for the synthesis of complex organic compounds like protein
Their source of energy for synthesis of ATP comes from inorganic molecules.
They grow in hydrothermal vents.
They use sugar as a source of C-C bonds for the synthesis of complex organic compounds like proteins.
They use light as a source of energy for synthesis of ATP.
Question 5 (1.666666667 points)
What is the difference between analogous and
homologous traits?
Question 5 options:
Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin. Analogous organs have a similar function.
It depends on what organisms they belong to.
Homologous structures have the same shape. Analogous organs have the same function.
There is no difference, these terms are interchangeable
Question 6 (1.666666667 points)
Why is net primary production (NPP) a more useful
measurement to an ecosystem ecologist than gross
primary production (GPP)?
Question 6 options:
NPP can be expressed in energy per unit of area per unit of time.
NPP can be expressed in terms of carbon fixed by photosynthesis for an entire ecosystem.
NPP represents the stored chemical energy that will be available to consumers in the ecosystem.
NPP shows the rate at which the standing crop is utilized by consumers.
Question 7 (1.666666667 points)
Which is the most striking adaptation that allowed
plants to successfully reproduce in a dry
environment?
Question 7 options:
Which of the following natural forces is responsible for
the release of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric
gases?
Question 1 options:
burning of fossil fuels
the Milankovitch cycles
volcanoes
solar intensity
Question 2 (1.666666667 points)
Select all the statements that describe adverse effects
of climate change on organisms:
Question 2 options:
Warmer temperatures in the Arctic cause more sea ice to melt in the summer, reducing feeding opportunities for
polar bears who hunt from the ice shelves.
Higher levels of CO2 in ocean water react with water to form carbonic acid, lowering the ocean pH and altering t
balanced environmental conditions required for marine organisms.
Warmer ocean water temperatures can cause corals to eject their photosynthetic endosymbiont, which bleaches t
coral and can lead to coral death.
Higher ocean water temperatures cause sea ice and glaciers to melt, increasing the distance between nesting and
feeding sites of some birds. As a result, young birds are starving.
Higher levels of CO2 in ocean water react with water to form carbonic acid, lowering the ocean pH. This lower p
increases calcification, leading to harder reefs and shells.
Question 3 (1.666666667 points)
Human arms and a whale flipper have similar skeletal
arrangement indicating common ancestry. In this case,
the forelimbs of humans and whales is an example
of:
Question 3 options:
an analogous trait
an ancestral character
,a homologous trait
a coincidence
, Question 4 (1.666666667 points)
What it means to say a bacteria is chemolithotrophic?
Question 4 options:
They use hydrogen sulfide as a source of C-C bonds for the synthesis of complex organic compounds like protein
Their source of energy for synthesis of ATP comes from inorganic molecules.
They grow in hydrothermal vents.
They use sugar as a source of C-C bonds for the synthesis of complex organic compounds like proteins.
They use light as a source of energy for synthesis of ATP.
Question 5 (1.666666667 points)
What is the difference between analogous and
homologous traits?
Question 5 options:
Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin. Analogous organs have a similar function.
It depends on what organisms they belong to.
Homologous structures have the same shape. Analogous organs have the same function.
There is no difference, these terms are interchangeable
Question 6 (1.666666667 points)
Why is net primary production (NPP) a more useful
measurement to an ecosystem ecologist than gross
primary production (GPP)?
Question 6 options:
NPP can be expressed in energy per unit of area per unit of time.
NPP can be expressed in terms of carbon fixed by photosynthesis for an entire ecosystem.
NPP represents the stored chemical energy that will be available to consumers in the ecosystem.
NPP shows the rate at which the standing crop is utilized by consumers.
Question 7 (1.666666667 points)
Which is the most striking adaptation that allowed
plants to successfully reproduce in a dry
environment?
Question 7 options:
