BIO 201 – Exam 3: Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems (Rio Salado College)
What composes the muscular system? - (ANSWER)Skeletal muscles only
What is the study of the muscular system called? - (ANSWER)Myology
What are the 4 functions of muscles? - (ANSWER)1. Movement
2. Stability
3. Control of body openings and passages
4. Heat production
Muscular movements also serve various roles in ______________. - (ANSWER)Communication
Describe stability. - (ANSWER)Prevents unwanted movements, there are some muscles known as the
antigravity muscles that fight against gravity that help us not fall over or slump.
What percent of body heat is produced by skeletal muscles? - (ANSWER)85%
What is the endomysium layer? - (ANSWER)Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each
muscle fiber.
The endomysium layer provides room for two things, what are they? - (ANSWER)1. Blood capillaries
2. Nerve fibers
The endomysium also provides an __________ ______________ environment for the muscle fiber. -
(ANSWER)extracellular chemical
Relate the endomysium tissue and excitation. - (ANSWER)Excitation of the muscle fiber depends on
exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions across the endomysial tissue and the nerve end.
What is the perimysium layer? - (ANSWER)Thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps muscle fibers
together in bundles called fassicles.
,BIO 201 – Exam 3: Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems (Rio Salado College)
What are fassicles? - (ANSWER)Bundles of muscle fibers together
Are fassicles visible to the naked eye, and if so what do they look like? - (ANSWER)Yes fassicles are
visible to the naked eye, and they appear as parallel strands.
What does the perimysium carry? - (ANSWER)Larger blood vessels, larger nerves, and muscle spindles
What is the epimysium layer? - (ANSWER)The fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire muscle
What is the fascia? - (ANSWER)Sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle
groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
What are the two types of muscle attachments? - (ANSWER)1. Indirect
2. Direct
What is an indirect attachment? - (ANSWER)The muscle ends short of its bony destination and the gap is
bridged by a tendon.
What is a tendon? - (ANSWER)Fibrous band or sheet
What is direct attachment? - (ANSWER)There is so little separation between muscle and bone that to
the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the bone.
What is the origin? - (ANSWER)The bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end.
What is the insertion? - (ANSWER)Attachment site at its more mobile end
What is the belly? - (ANSWER)The thicker middle region between the origin and insertion.
, BIO 201 – Exam 3: Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems (Rio Salado College)
What is the prime mover (agonist)? - (ANSWER)The muscle that produces most of the force during a
particular joint action.
What is the synergist? - (ANSWER)Muscle that aids the prime mover.
What is the antagonist? - (ANSWER)A muscle that opposes the prime mover, limits the speed or range of
the prime mover.
What is a fixator? - (ANSWER)A muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
What is an intrinsic muscle? - (ANSWER)Is entirely contained within a particular region, having both its
origin and insertion there.
What is an extrinsic muscle? - (ANSWER)Acts upon a designated region but it's origin is elsewhere.
Example: Some movements in the fingers are produced in the forearm (Extrinsic muscles)
What is innervation of a muscle? - (ANSWER)Refers to the identity of the nerve that it stimulates.
The muscles are innervated by two groups of muscles, what are they? - (ANSWER)1. Spinal nerves
2. Cranial nerves
What are spinal nerves? - (ANSWER)Arise from the spinal cord, emerge through the intervertebral
foramina, and innervate muscles below the neck.
What are cranial nerves? - (ANSWER)Arise from the base of the brain and emerge through the skull
foramina, and innervate muscles of the head and neck.
What are the 5 characteristics of muscle? - (ANSWER)1. Responsiveness (excitability)
What composes the muscular system? - (ANSWER)Skeletal muscles only
What is the study of the muscular system called? - (ANSWER)Myology
What are the 4 functions of muscles? - (ANSWER)1. Movement
2. Stability
3. Control of body openings and passages
4. Heat production
Muscular movements also serve various roles in ______________. - (ANSWER)Communication
Describe stability. - (ANSWER)Prevents unwanted movements, there are some muscles known as the
antigravity muscles that fight against gravity that help us not fall over or slump.
What percent of body heat is produced by skeletal muscles? - (ANSWER)85%
What is the endomysium layer? - (ANSWER)Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each
muscle fiber.
The endomysium layer provides room for two things, what are they? - (ANSWER)1. Blood capillaries
2. Nerve fibers
The endomysium also provides an __________ ______________ environment for the muscle fiber. -
(ANSWER)extracellular chemical
Relate the endomysium tissue and excitation. - (ANSWER)Excitation of the muscle fiber depends on
exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions across the endomysial tissue and the nerve end.
What is the perimysium layer? - (ANSWER)Thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps muscle fibers
together in bundles called fassicles.
,BIO 201 – Exam 3: Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems (Rio Salado College)
What are fassicles? - (ANSWER)Bundles of muscle fibers together
Are fassicles visible to the naked eye, and if so what do they look like? - (ANSWER)Yes fassicles are
visible to the naked eye, and they appear as parallel strands.
What does the perimysium carry? - (ANSWER)Larger blood vessels, larger nerves, and muscle spindles
What is the epimysium layer? - (ANSWER)The fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire muscle
What is the fascia? - (ANSWER)Sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle
groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
What are the two types of muscle attachments? - (ANSWER)1. Indirect
2. Direct
What is an indirect attachment? - (ANSWER)The muscle ends short of its bony destination and the gap is
bridged by a tendon.
What is a tendon? - (ANSWER)Fibrous band or sheet
What is direct attachment? - (ANSWER)There is so little separation between muscle and bone that to
the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the bone.
What is the origin? - (ANSWER)The bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end.
What is the insertion? - (ANSWER)Attachment site at its more mobile end
What is the belly? - (ANSWER)The thicker middle region between the origin and insertion.
, BIO 201 – Exam 3: Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems (Rio Salado College)
What is the prime mover (agonist)? - (ANSWER)The muscle that produces most of the force during a
particular joint action.
What is the synergist? - (ANSWER)Muscle that aids the prime mover.
What is the antagonist? - (ANSWER)A muscle that opposes the prime mover, limits the speed or range of
the prime mover.
What is a fixator? - (ANSWER)A muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
What is an intrinsic muscle? - (ANSWER)Is entirely contained within a particular region, having both its
origin and insertion there.
What is an extrinsic muscle? - (ANSWER)Acts upon a designated region but it's origin is elsewhere.
Example: Some movements in the fingers are produced in the forearm (Extrinsic muscles)
What is innervation of a muscle? - (ANSWER)Refers to the identity of the nerve that it stimulates.
The muscles are innervated by two groups of muscles, what are they? - (ANSWER)1. Spinal nerves
2. Cranial nerves
What are spinal nerves? - (ANSWER)Arise from the spinal cord, emerge through the intervertebral
foramina, and innervate muscles below the neck.
What are cranial nerves? - (ANSWER)Arise from the base of the brain and emerge through the skull
foramina, and innervate muscles of the head and neck.
What are the 5 characteristics of muscle? - (ANSWER)1. Responsiveness (excitability)
