Complete HESI A2 Exam Guide 2024–2025 | Verified
Questions & Rationales
carbs to glucose - answer-oxidation
monosaccharide - answer-simple sugar with 1 c per h2o
monomer - answer-small molecule that forms chemical bonds with other
momomers
polymer - answer-compounds or repeating monomers
lipid bonds - answer-c-h
purpose of lipids - answer-energy storage and structural functions
fatty acids - answer-chains of reduced carbon at 1 end and carboxylic
acid at the other end
phospholipids - answer-contain phosphate rather than fatty acid
glycerides - answer-fatty acid and glycerol
condensation reaction - answer-loss of h2o when two molecules are
joined together
protein bonding - answer-condensation reaction
peptide - answer-2+ amino acids
hydrolysis - answer-water breaks down molecules by splitting cations
and anions
, amino acid - answer-partial hydrolysis of protein
amide bond - answer-amine group (NH2) and carboxylic acid (COOH)
rna and dna bond - answer-phosphodiester bond
ATP and macromolecules - answer-to synthesize proteins from AA and
replicate DNA
nitrogen fixation - answer-uses enzyme nitrogenase in the reduction of
dinitrogen (N2) gas to ammonia (NH3)
nucleic acid - answer-stores information and energy and are catalysts
Rosalind Franklin - answer-Woman who generated x-ray images of
DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA
DNA structure - answer-nucleotides which are 5c sugar and pentose,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Pyrimidines - answer-cytosine, thymine, uracil-6 sided and single ring
purine - answer-Adenine and Guanine-5/6 sided with two rings
codons - answer--group of 3 nucleotides on messenger RNA
-64 codons
DNA replication steps - answer-1) Helicase- unwinds the parental double
helix
2) DNA topoisomerase - upstream of helices alleviating torsional strain
3) Single-strand binding proteins (SSBP) stabilize unwound DNA, aided
by DNA gyrase.
4) Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer for DNA polymerase to bind
to in the 5' to 3' direction to start replication on each strand.
5) DNA polymerase synthesizes the leading strand in 5' to 3' direction
while the lagging strand is made discontinuously by primase making
short pieces and then DNA polymerase extending these to make
Okazaki fragments.
Questions & Rationales
carbs to glucose - answer-oxidation
monosaccharide - answer-simple sugar with 1 c per h2o
monomer - answer-small molecule that forms chemical bonds with other
momomers
polymer - answer-compounds or repeating monomers
lipid bonds - answer-c-h
purpose of lipids - answer-energy storage and structural functions
fatty acids - answer-chains of reduced carbon at 1 end and carboxylic
acid at the other end
phospholipids - answer-contain phosphate rather than fatty acid
glycerides - answer-fatty acid and glycerol
condensation reaction - answer-loss of h2o when two molecules are
joined together
protein bonding - answer-condensation reaction
peptide - answer-2+ amino acids
hydrolysis - answer-water breaks down molecules by splitting cations
and anions
, amino acid - answer-partial hydrolysis of protein
amide bond - answer-amine group (NH2) and carboxylic acid (COOH)
rna and dna bond - answer-phosphodiester bond
ATP and macromolecules - answer-to synthesize proteins from AA and
replicate DNA
nitrogen fixation - answer-uses enzyme nitrogenase in the reduction of
dinitrogen (N2) gas to ammonia (NH3)
nucleic acid - answer-stores information and energy and are catalysts
Rosalind Franklin - answer-Woman who generated x-ray images of
DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA
DNA structure - answer-nucleotides which are 5c sugar and pentose,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Pyrimidines - answer-cytosine, thymine, uracil-6 sided and single ring
purine - answer-Adenine and Guanine-5/6 sided with two rings
codons - answer--group of 3 nucleotides on messenger RNA
-64 codons
DNA replication steps - answer-1) Helicase- unwinds the parental double
helix
2) DNA topoisomerase - upstream of helices alleviating torsional strain
3) Single-strand binding proteins (SSBP) stabilize unwound DNA, aided
by DNA gyrase.
4) Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer for DNA polymerase to bind
to in the 5' to 3' direction to start replication on each strand.
5) DNA polymerase synthesizes the leading strand in 5' to 3' direction
while the lagging strand is made discontinuously by primase making
short pieces and then DNA polymerase extending these to make
Okazaki fragments.
