3006PSY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED 100% COMPLETE
Intelligence defined by lay public - correct answer ✔✔Most psychological definitions came from
experts on human intelligence but people have their own notions of what constitutes
intelligence. (Lay or implicit theories)
Reasons logically and well, reads widely, displays common sense, keeps an open mind, writes
without difficulty, is sensitive to other people's needs and desires. - Intelligent traits
Differences between lay and expert defintions of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔• Motivation
& narrower (experts)
• Interpersonal aspects and broader (lay people)
Developmental psychology students listed behaviours associated with intelligence in infancy,
childhood and adulthood (Seigler & Richards, 1980)
Taiwanese Chinese conceptions of intelligence (Yang & Steinberg, 1997) - correct answer ✔✔i.
General cognitive factor
ii. Interpersonal intelligence
iii. Intrapersonal intelligence
iv. Intellectual self-assertion (knowing when to show you are intelligent)
v. Intellectual self-effacement (knowing when to hide your intelligence)
Galton definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔more intelligent = higher sensory abilities
,Believed intelligence was hereditary rather than being learned. Developed many sensorimotor
and perception-related tests by which he attempted to measure his definition of intelligence.
Binet definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔did not define explicitly but described
various components of intelligence, including reasoning, judgement, memory and abstraction.
Weschler definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔conceptualised intelligence as "the
aggregate capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal
effectively with his environment. It is composed of elements or abilities which are qualitatively
differentiable"
Weschler IQ test - correct answer ✔✔Measure two qualitvely differentiable abilties, which are
verbal or performance based in nature. Provides verbal and performance IQ.
Spearman definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔believed that across all of the various
specific cognitive tasks that were used in intelligence tests there was a substantial overlap. A
commonality that he called a general intellectual ability factor represented by italic lower case g
Gardner definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔argued that traditional IQ tests were
limited and only covered a subset of human intelligence. Citing lay defiinitions emphasizing
social competence, emotional insight and socially valued human abilities such as musical and
artisti expression, proposed a theory of multiple intelligences. Intially seven (since expanded)
Gardner original seven multiple intelligences - correct answer ✔✔Includes Bodily-kinesthetic
• Musical intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Philosophical/spiritual intelligence
• Naturalistic intelligence
, Interactionalism - correct answer ✔✔Complex concept by which heredity and environment are
presumed to interact and influence the development of intelligence. Majoy theme in theories of
Binet, Wechler and Piaget.
Dictionary definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔A multifaceted capacity that includes
the abilities to: Acquire and apply knowledge. REaosn logically, plan effectively and infer
perceptively. Grasp and visualise concepts. Find the right words and thoughts with facility. Cope
with and adjust to novel situations.
factor analysis - correct answer ✔✔Family of statistical techniques used to examine correlations
among variables (items or tests)
Used in theory validation, used in test construction and validation
Invented by pearson in 1901, spearman further developed in 1904
Reason for factor analysis use - correct answer ✔✔Simple theory is generally better than a
complicated theory. Factor analysis helps us discover the smallest number of psychological
dimensions that can account for various behaviours, symptoms and test scores we observe.
Exploratory Factor analysis - correct answer ✔✔Identifies underlying
dimensions/clusters/factors/components in data used for theory development (e.g. structure of
personality) and test construction/validation.
summarises large amount of items or information into fewer scores. Based on correlations
among items, identifies clusters of highly correlated items. Common variance among items
might reflect central underlying theme.
Reminder Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) - correct answer ✔✔identifies underyling clusters or
dimensions. Summarises data, identifies relationships/correlations existing in data
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED 100% COMPLETE
Intelligence defined by lay public - correct answer ✔✔Most psychological definitions came from
experts on human intelligence but people have their own notions of what constitutes
intelligence. (Lay or implicit theories)
Reasons logically and well, reads widely, displays common sense, keeps an open mind, writes
without difficulty, is sensitive to other people's needs and desires. - Intelligent traits
Differences between lay and expert defintions of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔• Motivation
& narrower (experts)
• Interpersonal aspects and broader (lay people)
Developmental psychology students listed behaviours associated with intelligence in infancy,
childhood and adulthood (Seigler & Richards, 1980)
Taiwanese Chinese conceptions of intelligence (Yang & Steinberg, 1997) - correct answer ✔✔i.
General cognitive factor
ii. Interpersonal intelligence
iii. Intrapersonal intelligence
iv. Intellectual self-assertion (knowing when to show you are intelligent)
v. Intellectual self-effacement (knowing when to hide your intelligence)
Galton definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔more intelligent = higher sensory abilities
,Believed intelligence was hereditary rather than being learned. Developed many sensorimotor
and perception-related tests by which he attempted to measure his definition of intelligence.
Binet definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔did not define explicitly but described
various components of intelligence, including reasoning, judgement, memory and abstraction.
Weschler definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔conceptualised intelligence as "the
aggregate capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal
effectively with his environment. It is composed of elements or abilities which are qualitatively
differentiable"
Weschler IQ test - correct answer ✔✔Measure two qualitvely differentiable abilties, which are
verbal or performance based in nature. Provides verbal and performance IQ.
Spearman definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔believed that across all of the various
specific cognitive tasks that were used in intelligence tests there was a substantial overlap. A
commonality that he called a general intellectual ability factor represented by italic lower case g
Gardner definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔argued that traditional IQ tests were
limited and only covered a subset of human intelligence. Citing lay defiinitions emphasizing
social competence, emotional insight and socially valued human abilities such as musical and
artisti expression, proposed a theory of multiple intelligences. Intially seven (since expanded)
Gardner original seven multiple intelligences - correct answer ✔✔Includes Bodily-kinesthetic
• Musical intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Philosophical/spiritual intelligence
• Naturalistic intelligence
, Interactionalism - correct answer ✔✔Complex concept by which heredity and environment are
presumed to interact and influence the development of intelligence. Majoy theme in theories of
Binet, Wechler and Piaget.
Dictionary definition of intelligence - correct answer ✔✔A multifaceted capacity that includes
the abilities to: Acquire and apply knowledge. REaosn logically, plan effectively and infer
perceptively. Grasp and visualise concepts. Find the right words and thoughts with facility. Cope
with and adjust to novel situations.
factor analysis - correct answer ✔✔Family of statistical techniques used to examine correlations
among variables (items or tests)
Used in theory validation, used in test construction and validation
Invented by pearson in 1901, spearman further developed in 1904
Reason for factor analysis use - correct answer ✔✔Simple theory is generally better than a
complicated theory. Factor analysis helps us discover the smallest number of psychological
dimensions that can account for various behaviours, symptoms and test scores we observe.
Exploratory Factor analysis - correct answer ✔✔Identifies underlying
dimensions/clusters/factors/components in data used for theory development (e.g. structure of
personality) and test construction/validation.
summarises large amount of items or information into fewer scores. Based on correlations
among items, identifies clusters of highly correlated items. Common variance among items
might reflect central underlying theme.
Reminder Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) - correct answer ✔✔identifies underyling clusters or
dimensions. Summarises data, identifies relationships/correlations existing in data
