CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY-IN-FOCUS CHAPTERS 42 EXAM Q’S AND A’S

CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY-IN-FOCUS CHAPTERS 42 EXAM Q’S AND A’S Small molecules can move between cells and their surroundings by - answer- diffusion Some animals lack a _______ - answer- circulatory system A gastrovascular cavity - answer- functions in both digestion and distribution of substances throughout the body A circulatory system has - answer- a circulatory fluid, a set of interconnecting vessels, and a muscular pump called the heart function of the circulatory system - answer- connects the fluid that surrounds cells with the different organs of the body Circulatory systems can be ___ or _____ and vary in the number of ____ in the body - answer- open, closed, and circuits In insect, arthropods, and some molluscs, circulatry fluid called ______ bathes the organs in an _______ - answer- hemolymph, open circulatory system In a _______ circulatory system ____ is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid - answer- closed, blood Humans and other vertebrates have a closed circulatory system called the - answer- cardiovascular system Three main types of bloods vessels - answer- arteries, veins, and capillaries Arteries branch into _____ and carry blood away from the heart to _______ - answer- aterioles capillaries Networks of capillaries called ______ are the sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid - answer- capillary beds Venules converge into _____ and return blood from the capillaries to the heart - answer- veins Arteries and veins are distinguished by the direction of blood flow - answer- arteries carry blood away from heart; veins to heart blood enters through an _____ and is pumped out through a _____ - answer- atrium and ventricle Bony fishes, rays, and sharks have a _____ circulation with a _____ chambered heart - answer- single, two Single circulation - answer- blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds before returning Amphibians, reptiles, and mammals have _______ - answer- double circulation Oxygen poor and oxygen rich blood are pumped separately from the - answer- right and left sides of the heart Oxygen rich blood delivers oxygen through the - answer- systemic circuit frogs and other amphibians have a three chambered heart - answer- two atria and one ventricle Turtles snakes and lizards have a three chambered heart - answer- two atria and one ventricle, partially divided by an incomplete septum mammals and birds have a four chambered heart - answer- two atria and two ventricles the left side of the heart pumps and receives - answer- oxygen rich blood the right side receives and pumps - answer- oxygen poor blood Cardiovascular system - answer- Mammalian heart - answer- The heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic cycle called the - answer- cardiac cycle the contraction or pumping phase is called - answer- systole the relaxation or filling phase is called - answer- diastole The number of beats per minute is called the - answer- heart rate the amount of blood pumped in a single contraction is called the - answer- stroke volume The volume of blood pumped into the systemic circulation, it depends on both the heart rate and stroke volume - answer- cardiac output atrioventricular valves - answer- separate each atrium and ventricleg semilunar valves - answer- control blood flow to the aorta and pulmonary artery "lub dup" sound of a heart beat is caused by the recoil of blood against the ____