AP BIO - PRACTICE EXAM #2 MCQ
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates? - Correct
Answers -The addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bone between sugar
monomers
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of DNA that makes it useful as
hereditary material? - Correct Answers -Nucleotide bases in one strand can only be
paired with specific bases in the other strand
Based on the pedigrees in Figure 1, which of the following best explains the observed
pattern of inheritance? - Correct Answers -The trait is an autosomal recessive, because
the cross between individuals I-1 and I-2 produced an affected offspring
Which of the following best describes the process by which the bacteria are breaking
down the glucose to produce lactic acid? - Correct Answers -The bacteria are breaking
down sugars in the absence of oxygen
Which of the following was the dependent variable in the researcher's experiment? -
Correct Answers –Ph
Mercurial sulfhydryl is an inhibitor or aquaporins. Which of the following is the most
likely effect of adding mercurial sulfhydryl to the distilled water molecule? - Correct
Answers -The grape cells will gain water more slowly because of a lack of facilitated
diffusion
Which of the following best explains why larger grapes have a different rate of water
absorption per gram of mass than smaller grapes do? - Correct Answers -The rate is
slower because smaller grapes have a larger surface-area-to-volume ratio than the
larger grapes do
Based on the data in Table 1, which of the following is the earliest time point at which
there is a statistical difference in average pH between the control and the treatment
group? - Correct Answers -35 minutes
According to the data, which of the following best explains the results of the
experiment? - Correct Answers -The pH of the treatment culture was lower than the pH
of the control because the chemical increased the bacterial metabolic rate
, A mutation in the gene coding for a single-polypeptide enzyme results in the substitution
of amino acid serine, which has a polar R group, by the amino acid phenylalanine,
which has a non polar R group. When researchers test the catalysis of the normal
enzyme and the mutated enzyme, they find that the mutated enzyme has much lower
activity than the normal enzyme does.
Which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted
in decreased catalytic activist by the mutated enzyme? - Correct Answers -The
substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the
mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does
Pitcher plants are carnivorous plants that grow in areas where the soil contains low
levels of key nutrient such as nitrogen. To obtain these nutrients, most pitcher plants
capture prey using traps containing a digestive fluid. The captured prey are then broken
down and digested, and the pitcher plant absorbs the nutrients.
The traps of one species of pitcher plant, Nepenthes hemsleyana, do not contain
digestive fluid. Instead the provide a suitable place for wooly bats (Kerivoula hardwicki)
to sleep. The feces from the bat are released into the trap where nutrients in the feces
are absorbed and provide the plant with the nitrogen it needs.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the pitcher plant and the
wooly bat? - Correct Answers -The relationship is mutualistic because both the plant
and the bat benefit
A particular genetic disorder is associated with a single gene with two alleles.
Individuals with two recessive alleles are affected. The prevalence of the disorder is 1 in
6,600.
Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is
closest to the frequency of carriers in the general population? - Correct Answers -
0.02430
Blood vessels are surrounded by called smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide triggers a
signaling cascade in smooth muscle cells that causes the cells to relax.
Which of the following is represented by the gradual increase in thickness of the arrows
from the top to the bottom of Figure 1? - Correct Answers -The number of signaling
molecules that are produced or activated increases with each step in the pathway
A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only
permeable to water and small diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the
peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into one of the solutions.
After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured
their final mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates? - Correct
Answers -The addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bone between sugar
monomers
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of DNA that makes it useful as
hereditary material? - Correct Answers -Nucleotide bases in one strand can only be
paired with specific bases in the other strand
Based on the pedigrees in Figure 1, which of the following best explains the observed
pattern of inheritance? - Correct Answers -The trait is an autosomal recessive, because
the cross between individuals I-1 and I-2 produced an affected offspring
Which of the following best describes the process by which the bacteria are breaking
down the glucose to produce lactic acid? - Correct Answers -The bacteria are breaking
down sugars in the absence of oxygen
Which of the following was the dependent variable in the researcher's experiment? -
Correct Answers –Ph
Mercurial sulfhydryl is an inhibitor or aquaporins. Which of the following is the most
likely effect of adding mercurial sulfhydryl to the distilled water molecule? - Correct
Answers -The grape cells will gain water more slowly because of a lack of facilitated
diffusion
Which of the following best explains why larger grapes have a different rate of water
absorption per gram of mass than smaller grapes do? - Correct Answers -The rate is
slower because smaller grapes have a larger surface-area-to-volume ratio than the
larger grapes do
Based on the data in Table 1, which of the following is the earliest time point at which
there is a statistical difference in average pH between the control and the treatment
group? - Correct Answers -35 minutes
According to the data, which of the following best explains the results of the
experiment? - Correct Answers -The pH of the treatment culture was lower than the pH
of the control because the chemical increased the bacterial metabolic rate
, A mutation in the gene coding for a single-polypeptide enzyme results in the substitution
of amino acid serine, which has a polar R group, by the amino acid phenylalanine,
which has a non polar R group. When researchers test the catalysis of the normal
enzyme and the mutated enzyme, they find that the mutated enzyme has much lower
activity than the normal enzyme does.
Which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted
in decreased catalytic activist by the mutated enzyme? - Correct Answers -The
substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the
mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does
Pitcher plants are carnivorous plants that grow in areas where the soil contains low
levels of key nutrient such as nitrogen. To obtain these nutrients, most pitcher plants
capture prey using traps containing a digestive fluid. The captured prey are then broken
down and digested, and the pitcher plant absorbs the nutrients.
The traps of one species of pitcher plant, Nepenthes hemsleyana, do not contain
digestive fluid. Instead the provide a suitable place for wooly bats (Kerivoula hardwicki)
to sleep. The feces from the bat are released into the trap where nutrients in the feces
are absorbed and provide the plant with the nitrogen it needs.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the pitcher plant and the
wooly bat? - Correct Answers -The relationship is mutualistic because both the plant
and the bat benefit
A particular genetic disorder is associated with a single gene with two alleles.
Individuals with two recessive alleles are affected. The prevalence of the disorder is 1 in
6,600.
Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is
closest to the frequency of carriers in the general population? - Correct Answers -
0.02430
Blood vessels are surrounded by called smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide triggers a
signaling cascade in smooth muscle cells that causes the cells to relax.
Which of the following is represented by the gradual increase in thickness of the arrows
from the top to the bottom of Figure 1? - Correct Answers -The number of signaling
molecules that are produced or activated increases with each step in the pathway
A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only
permeable to water and small diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the
peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into one of the solutions.
After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured
their final mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1)
