Basic Principles of Clinical
Pharmacology Correct answers
2025/2026
Agonist - correct answer binds to a receptor and produces an effect.
Maximal effect may be reach at the same receptor by differing drugs
and concentrations. These produce a structural change at the receptor
causing a reaction.
Antagonist - correct answercompounds that bind to a receptor and
does not produce an effect. Inhibit agonists from binding. No physical
change to the receptor
Are drugs that are bound to proteins distributed? - Correct answer
Protein bound drugs are not distributed and are inactive
Can partial agonists produce a maximal effect? - correct answer NO, not
even at very high concentrations
CYP can be inhibited or activated by various substrates. What is the
result of inhibited CYP? - correct answer Inhibited CYP prolongs the
drug action
Activated CYP reduced the drug actions
Does facilitated diffusion require energy? - correct answer No
, Efficacy - correct answer the capacity of a drug to produce an alteration
in a target cell/organ after binding to a receptor
Explain redistribution - correct answer as concentrations in the blood
fall (due to tissue uptake or discontinued infusion), drug concentration
in the tissues is higher than in the plasma
Drug is released back into plasma until it equilibrates
How do phase II reactions work? - Correct answer Phase II reactions
attach polar molecules to the structure, producing a water soluble,
polar molecule.
How is facilitated diffusion different from passive diffusion? - Correct
answer it’s a carrier mediated transport process
The carrier advances movement of the drug down an electrochemical
gradient
How is hepatic clearance defined? - Correct answer the volume of
plasma that is totally cleared of drug in 1 minute during passage
through the liver.
Is efficacy dependent on potency? - correct answer NO
Potency - correct answer amount of drug needed to produce a
response.
T/F Many drugs can be converted to polar structures by phase I
reactions and excreted without proceeding to phase II reactions. -
Correct answer TRUE
Pharmacology Correct answers
2025/2026
Agonist - correct answer binds to a receptor and produces an effect.
Maximal effect may be reach at the same receptor by differing drugs
and concentrations. These produce a structural change at the receptor
causing a reaction.
Antagonist - correct answercompounds that bind to a receptor and
does not produce an effect. Inhibit agonists from binding. No physical
change to the receptor
Are drugs that are bound to proteins distributed? - Correct answer
Protein bound drugs are not distributed and are inactive
Can partial agonists produce a maximal effect? - correct answer NO, not
even at very high concentrations
CYP can be inhibited or activated by various substrates. What is the
result of inhibited CYP? - correct answer Inhibited CYP prolongs the
drug action
Activated CYP reduced the drug actions
Does facilitated diffusion require energy? - correct answer No
, Efficacy - correct answer the capacity of a drug to produce an alteration
in a target cell/organ after binding to a receptor
Explain redistribution - correct answer as concentrations in the blood
fall (due to tissue uptake or discontinued infusion), drug concentration
in the tissues is higher than in the plasma
Drug is released back into plasma until it equilibrates
How do phase II reactions work? - Correct answer Phase II reactions
attach polar molecules to the structure, producing a water soluble,
polar molecule.
How is facilitated diffusion different from passive diffusion? - Correct
answer it’s a carrier mediated transport process
The carrier advances movement of the drug down an electrochemical
gradient
How is hepatic clearance defined? - Correct answer the volume of
plasma that is totally cleared of drug in 1 minute during passage
through the liver.
Is efficacy dependent on potency? - correct answer NO
Potency - correct answer amount of drug needed to produce a
response.
T/F Many drugs can be converted to polar structures by phase I
reactions and excreted without proceeding to phase II reactions. -
Correct answer TRUE
