ATCBE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Edith Kramer - Answer -Art as Therapy; influences by Freud; worked with behaviorally
disordered children; goal-establish possibility of sublimation
Margaret Naumberg - Answer -Influenced by Jung; dynamically oriented art therapy (art
psychotherapy); Art in therapy
Florence Cane - Answer -Naumberg's sister; The Artist in Each of US book; art
educator; kinesthetic warm up ( arms in circles)
Elinor Ulman - Answer --balance the "art" and "therapy" of art therapy
-founder of the American Journal of Art Therapy
-the UPAP art therapy assessment
Edward Adamson - Answer -- "studio approach"
-Art as Healing book
- art therapist in England
-patients are encouraged to paint with very little interference or analysis
Rita Simon - Answer -British art therapist; 8 art styles ( 4 basic, 4 mixed/transitional);
creative initiative as main begin for mental health
Disordered/Random Scribbling - Answer -1.5-2.5 years; little control of mark making;
random color choice; kinesthetic enjoyment
Controlled/Named Scribbles - Answer -2-3 years; increased control of mark making;
begin to name scribbles; circle may appear by accident
Radials & Mandalas - Answer -3-4 years; beginning representation of self; form circles
and lines into simple patterns; triangle at 3 years; circle at 4
Preschematic Stage - Answer -age 4-5; first representational attempts; tadpole figures;
figures float in space; size and color not realistic; child is egocentric
Schematic Stage - Answer -7-9 years; ground/skyline appear; schemas of human
figures; color more reality-based and simplistic
Drawing Realism (Gang Stage) - Answer -9-12 years; more self-conscious and aware
of peers; interest in details; draw smaller and lesser spontaneous
Pseudo-Naturalistic (Stage of Realism) - Answer -12-14 years; more naturalistic and
detailed; aware of natural surroundings; aware of proportions, perspective, and
gradation; depiction of sexual characteristics
, Oral Stage - Answer -0-6 months; Themes of taking in and spitting out, incorporating,
symbiosis; digesting, sucking, bitting (oral aggression)
Anal Stage - Answer -2-3 years; Themes in retention/elimination, ambivalence,
resistance to habit training, willfulness, struggle for autonomy, socialization
Phallic Stage - Answer -3-4 years; themes of Oedipal attraction to the parent of the
opposite sex and ambivalence toward parent of the same sex; assuming sex role
Latency Stage - Answer -7-11 years; dynamics relatively stable, drawn to same sex
peers, shift from self-absorption to altruism, libido diverted to social ends
Genital Stage - Answer -Sexual maturation and reproduction
basic trust vs. mistrust - Answer -Birth-18 months; In Erikson's theory, the
psychological conflict of infancy, which is resolved positively when the balance of care is
sympathetic and loving. Hope
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer -18 months-3 years; Erikson's stage in which
a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes
shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt - Answer -3-5 years; Erikson's third stage in which the child finds
independence in planning, playing and other activities; purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer -Erikson's stage between 6 and 12 years, when the
child learns to be productive; competence
identity vs. role confusion - Answer -12-18 years; Erikson's stage during which
teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer -18-35 years; Erikson's stage in which individuals form
deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families; love
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer -35-55/65 years; Erikson's stage of social
development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling
one's potential and doing public service
integrity vs despair - Answer -55/65-death; Erikson's final stage in which those near the
end of life look back and evaluate their lives; wisdom
sensorimotor stage - Answer -in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years
of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
and motor activities; manipulation of objects
Edith Kramer - Answer -Art as Therapy; influences by Freud; worked with behaviorally
disordered children; goal-establish possibility of sublimation
Margaret Naumberg - Answer -Influenced by Jung; dynamically oriented art therapy (art
psychotherapy); Art in therapy
Florence Cane - Answer -Naumberg's sister; The Artist in Each of US book; art
educator; kinesthetic warm up ( arms in circles)
Elinor Ulman - Answer --balance the "art" and "therapy" of art therapy
-founder of the American Journal of Art Therapy
-the UPAP art therapy assessment
Edward Adamson - Answer -- "studio approach"
-Art as Healing book
- art therapist in England
-patients are encouraged to paint with very little interference or analysis
Rita Simon - Answer -British art therapist; 8 art styles ( 4 basic, 4 mixed/transitional);
creative initiative as main begin for mental health
Disordered/Random Scribbling - Answer -1.5-2.5 years; little control of mark making;
random color choice; kinesthetic enjoyment
Controlled/Named Scribbles - Answer -2-3 years; increased control of mark making;
begin to name scribbles; circle may appear by accident
Radials & Mandalas - Answer -3-4 years; beginning representation of self; form circles
and lines into simple patterns; triangle at 3 years; circle at 4
Preschematic Stage - Answer -age 4-5; first representational attempts; tadpole figures;
figures float in space; size and color not realistic; child is egocentric
Schematic Stage - Answer -7-9 years; ground/skyline appear; schemas of human
figures; color more reality-based and simplistic
Drawing Realism (Gang Stage) - Answer -9-12 years; more self-conscious and aware
of peers; interest in details; draw smaller and lesser spontaneous
Pseudo-Naturalistic (Stage of Realism) - Answer -12-14 years; more naturalistic and
detailed; aware of natural surroundings; aware of proportions, perspective, and
gradation; depiction of sexual characteristics
, Oral Stage - Answer -0-6 months; Themes of taking in and spitting out, incorporating,
symbiosis; digesting, sucking, bitting (oral aggression)
Anal Stage - Answer -2-3 years; Themes in retention/elimination, ambivalence,
resistance to habit training, willfulness, struggle for autonomy, socialization
Phallic Stage - Answer -3-4 years; themes of Oedipal attraction to the parent of the
opposite sex and ambivalence toward parent of the same sex; assuming sex role
Latency Stage - Answer -7-11 years; dynamics relatively stable, drawn to same sex
peers, shift from self-absorption to altruism, libido diverted to social ends
Genital Stage - Answer -Sexual maturation and reproduction
basic trust vs. mistrust - Answer -Birth-18 months; In Erikson's theory, the
psychological conflict of infancy, which is resolved positively when the balance of care is
sympathetic and loving. Hope
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer -18 months-3 years; Erikson's stage in which
a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes
shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt - Answer -3-5 years; Erikson's third stage in which the child finds
independence in planning, playing and other activities; purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer -Erikson's stage between 6 and 12 years, when the
child learns to be productive; competence
identity vs. role confusion - Answer -12-18 years; Erikson's stage during which
teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer -18-35 years; Erikson's stage in which individuals form
deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families; love
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer -35-55/65 years; Erikson's stage of social
development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling
one's potential and doing public service
integrity vs despair - Answer -55/65-death; Erikson's final stage in which those near the
end of life look back and evaluate their lives; wisdom
sensorimotor stage - Answer -in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years
of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
and motor activities; manipulation of objects
