What term describes the measurement of the neural output from the medullary
centers that drive ventilation rate and volume?
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P100
Explain why various preliminary requirements are necessary
,Give this one a try later!
To get the best and most accurate results for the PFT, and so the patient
doesn't throw up during the test
Which of the following would be a normal blood pressure response to exercise?
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a. systolic increases little; diastolic increases 80 to 150 mm Hg above
resting levels.
b. diastolic increases little; systolic increases 80 to 150 mmHg above
resting levels.
c. systolic and diastolic both increase 80 to 150 mm Hg above resting
levels
d. systolic and diastolic both remain the same at resting levels with
exercise.
Calculate the VD/VT ratio
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{(PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2} x Vt
A patient's PECO2 is 30 torr and the PaCO2 is 50 torr. What would be the VC/VT for
this patient?
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, 0.4, normal
Be able to determine DLCO acceptability
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Volume-time tracing, smooth rapid inspiration from residual volume to total
lung capacity, inspiration should be rapid but not forced, volume inspired
should be at least 90% of the previous recorded VC
Be able to distinguish between the measurement of lung volumes using open-circuit
and closed-circuit methods
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A closed circuit method would require CO2 scrubber, but an open circuit
method would not require this since the patient will not be rebreathing
their own air.
Be able to describe at least one type of volume displacement spirometer
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, Bellows-type spirometers
-bellows or wedge bellows
-fold and unfold in response to breathing
-most are hooked to a potentiometer
-Problems: sticking of the bellows causes inaccurate numbers, leaks in the
bellows
Water-seal spirometers
-Consists of a large bell suspended in a container of water with the open
end of the bell below the surface of water.
-Kymograph - a rotating drum that moves at a certain speed. A pen is
attached and makes a tracing of the breathing test.
-Spirometer can also be activated by a potentiometer.
-A device that produces an analog DC voltage signal depending on its
position, like a dimmer switch connected to a light. The signal is
proportional to the position of the bell.
-Now days it is digitized.
-If a single large bore tubing is used, you will need a CO2 absorber (soda
lime).
-Problems with water seal are usually caused by leaks in the bell or in the
breathing circuit.
-Bell misposition- inadequate water in the device (evaporates)
-Difficult to transport (weights)
-Maintenance includes draining water routinely, checking for cracks or
leaks, chemical absorbers need to be checked.
Be able to describe the single-breath DLCO technique
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The patient exhales to residual volume, then inspires to total lung capacity.
Then the patient holds their breath for 10 seconds, then exhales again to
residual volume. A sample of the gas is collected and analyzed for carbon
monoxide.
centers that drive ventilation rate and volume?
Give this one a try later!
P100
Explain why various preliminary requirements are necessary
,Give this one a try later!
To get the best and most accurate results for the PFT, and so the patient
doesn't throw up during the test
Which of the following would be a normal blood pressure response to exercise?
Give this one a try later!
a. systolic increases little; diastolic increases 80 to 150 mm Hg above
resting levels.
b. diastolic increases little; systolic increases 80 to 150 mmHg above
resting levels.
c. systolic and diastolic both increase 80 to 150 mm Hg above resting
levels
d. systolic and diastolic both remain the same at resting levels with
exercise.
Calculate the VD/VT ratio
Give this one a try later!
{(PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2} x Vt
A patient's PECO2 is 30 torr and the PaCO2 is 50 torr. What would be the VC/VT for
this patient?
Give this one a try later!
, 0.4, normal
Be able to determine DLCO acceptability
Give this one a try later!
Volume-time tracing, smooth rapid inspiration from residual volume to total
lung capacity, inspiration should be rapid but not forced, volume inspired
should be at least 90% of the previous recorded VC
Be able to distinguish between the measurement of lung volumes using open-circuit
and closed-circuit methods
Give this one a try later!
A closed circuit method would require CO2 scrubber, but an open circuit
method would not require this since the patient will not be rebreathing
their own air.
Be able to describe at least one type of volume displacement spirometer
Give this one a try later!
, Bellows-type spirometers
-bellows or wedge bellows
-fold and unfold in response to breathing
-most are hooked to a potentiometer
-Problems: sticking of the bellows causes inaccurate numbers, leaks in the
bellows
Water-seal spirometers
-Consists of a large bell suspended in a container of water with the open
end of the bell below the surface of water.
-Kymograph - a rotating drum that moves at a certain speed. A pen is
attached and makes a tracing of the breathing test.
-Spirometer can also be activated by a potentiometer.
-A device that produces an analog DC voltage signal depending on its
position, like a dimmer switch connected to a light. The signal is
proportional to the position of the bell.
-Now days it is digitized.
-If a single large bore tubing is used, you will need a CO2 absorber (soda
lime).
-Problems with water seal are usually caused by leaks in the bell or in the
breathing circuit.
-Bell misposition- inadequate water in the device (evaporates)
-Difficult to transport (weights)
-Maintenance includes draining water routinely, checking for cracks or
leaks, chemical absorbers need to be checked.
Be able to describe the single-breath DLCO technique
Give this one a try later!
The patient exhales to residual volume, then inspires to total lung capacity.
Then the patient holds their breath for 10 seconds, then exhales again to
residual volume. A sample of the gas is collected and analyzed for carbon
monoxide.
