Arch 131 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
'Cradle of Humankind' Correct Answer: is where the majority of human
ancestral fossils were found.
South Africa Major Fossil Hominin Sites (6) Correct Answer: -Sterkfontein
-Kromdraai
-Taung
-Swartkrans
-Malapa
-Makapansgat
In South Africa, all the fossil sites are variations of... Correct Answer: CAVES
DOLINAS Correct Answer: type of cave that forms directly vertically down into
the ground
Early fossil hominin sites in East Africa are found.. Correct Answer: In the East
African Rift Valley
Most fossil sites are found in... Correct Answer: Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia
Ethiopia sites... Correct Answer: Hadar
Kada Gona
Omo River
,Kenya sites... Correct Answer: West Turkana
Koobi Fora
Tanzania sites... Correct Answer: Olduvai Gorge
Laetoli
Where were foot prints of Australopithecus found? Correct Answer: Laetoli (in
volcanic ash)
The oldest stone tools were found... Correct Answer: in Kada Gona (2.6 mya)
H. habilis, H. rudolfensis, and Australopithecus were found... Correct Answer: in
West Turkana and Koobi Fora
Leaky family worked... Correct Answer: in Laetoli and Olduvai Gorge
Phylogeny: Correct Answer: the actual evolutionary relationships between
different organisms
a. works better on organisms that are alive due to access to genetic material
b. works differently on fossil specimens
Taxonomy: Correct Answer: process of classifying organisms based on our best
guess about their phylogenetic relationships
a. different groups in the taxonomic system are referred to as taxa
b.looking at the size of the brain, and the shape of their teeth
Miocene (7 mya > 5.3 mya) Correct Answer: -the split between hominids and
the chimpanzees
,-divergence occurred around 7 mya
Pliocene Epic (5.3 >2.6 mya) Correct Answer: -earliest hominins appeared
around this period
Pleistocene Epic (2.6 mya > 10 kya) Correct Answer: -our genus (homo)
appeared
-the first stone tools appeared
-ice ages started around here
-Homo sapiens appear
-Neanderthals appear
Holocene (last 10 000 years) Correct Answer: -civilization and technology
progresses
Sahelanthropus Tchensis 'Toumai' Correct Answer: -was a hominin and bipedal
-dated around 7 mya, unsure of ancestry (chimps or hominns)
-only cranium found near Lake Chad
-most likely hominin because of the Nuchal line
-350 cc brain size (chimp size)
Nuchal line: Correct Answer: -where muscles attach to bone at the base of the
skull
-allow you to hold your head up
, -location of the nuchal muscles allows us to bipedal
-neck muscles are not required to be strong
Foramen magnum: Correct Answer: -hole in the bottom of the skull
-where the spinal cord attaches to the skull
-chimpanzee's is further to the back of the skull, humans is directly in the center
-the closer to the centre, the more bipedal
Orrorin Tugenensis (6 mya) Correct Answer: -few arm bones, some teeth and a
singular leg bone
-no evidence about where it sits on the phylogenetic tree
-maybe an obligate biped
Ardipithecus Ramidus (4.5 mya) Correct Answer: -possessed large teeth (canine
incisors)
-molars are rectangular
-reduced 'prognathism' (bulging of lower mandible)
-snout is shorter, flatter face
-more forward foremen magnum
-longer arms, fingers can reach knees
-more bipedal than chimps/bonobos
Answers
'Cradle of Humankind' Correct Answer: is where the majority of human
ancestral fossils were found.
South Africa Major Fossil Hominin Sites (6) Correct Answer: -Sterkfontein
-Kromdraai
-Taung
-Swartkrans
-Malapa
-Makapansgat
In South Africa, all the fossil sites are variations of... Correct Answer: CAVES
DOLINAS Correct Answer: type of cave that forms directly vertically down into
the ground
Early fossil hominin sites in East Africa are found.. Correct Answer: In the East
African Rift Valley
Most fossil sites are found in... Correct Answer: Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia
Ethiopia sites... Correct Answer: Hadar
Kada Gona
Omo River
,Kenya sites... Correct Answer: West Turkana
Koobi Fora
Tanzania sites... Correct Answer: Olduvai Gorge
Laetoli
Where were foot prints of Australopithecus found? Correct Answer: Laetoli (in
volcanic ash)
The oldest stone tools were found... Correct Answer: in Kada Gona (2.6 mya)
H. habilis, H. rudolfensis, and Australopithecus were found... Correct Answer: in
West Turkana and Koobi Fora
Leaky family worked... Correct Answer: in Laetoli and Olduvai Gorge
Phylogeny: Correct Answer: the actual evolutionary relationships between
different organisms
a. works better on organisms that are alive due to access to genetic material
b. works differently on fossil specimens
Taxonomy: Correct Answer: process of classifying organisms based on our best
guess about their phylogenetic relationships
a. different groups in the taxonomic system are referred to as taxa
b.looking at the size of the brain, and the shape of their teeth
Miocene (7 mya > 5.3 mya) Correct Answer: -the split between hominids and
the chimpanzees
,-divergence occurred around 7 mya
Pliocene Epic (5.3 >2.6 mya) Correct Answer: -earliest hominins appeared
around this period
Pleistocene Epic (2.6 mya > 10 kya) Correct Answer: -our genus (homo)
appeared
-the first stone tools appeared
-ice ages started around here
-Homo sapiens appear
-Neanderthals appear
Holocene (last 10 000 years) Correct Answer: -civilization and technology
progresses
Sahelanthropus Tchensis 'Toumai' Correct Answer: -was a hominin and bipedal
-dated around 7 mya, unsure of ancestry (chimps or hominns)
-only cranium found near Lake Chad
-most likely hominin because of the Nuchal line
-350 cc brain size (chimp size)
Nuchal line: Correct Answer: -where muscles attach to bone at the base of the
skull
-allow you to hold your head up
, -location of the nuchal muscles allows us to bipedal
-neck muscles are not required to be strong
Foramen magnum: Correct Answer: -hole in the bottom of the skull
-where the spinal cord attaches to the skull
-chimpanzee's is further to the back of the skull, humans is directly in the center
-the closer to the centre, the more bipedal
Orrorin Tugenensis (6 mya) Correct Answer: -few arm bones, some teeth and a
singular leg bone
-no evidence about where it sits on the phylogenetic tree
-maybe an obligate biped
Ardipithecus Ramidus (4.5 mya) Correct Answer: -possessed large teeth (canine
incisors)
-molars are rectangular
-reduced 'prognathism' (bulging of lower mandible)
-snout is shorter, flatter face
-more forward foremen magnum
-longer arms, fingers can reach knees
-more bipedal than chimps/bonobos
