Exam 2 ASU BIO 340 General Genetics
Questions with Solved Solutions 2025-
2026 Updated.
components of a nucleotide - Answer phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
types of nitrogenous bases - Answer purines and pyrimidines
1' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer the carbon attached to the
nitrogenous base
2' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer the deoxy carbon - only hydrogens
attached
3' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer carries the hydroxyl group
4' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer binds to the O which binds to the 1'
to make the ring
5' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer carries the phosphate group
DNA strand polarity - Answer Each strand of DNA has distinct 5' and 3' ends creating polarity
within the backbone.
5' will have an -OH or phosphate group bonded to C-5' of the sugar, while the 3' end has a free -
OH on C-3 of the sugar.
Rules to apply - Answer pyrimidine vs purine
A=T, C=G
3 hyrdogen bonds (C-G), 2 hydrogen bonds (A-T)
5' carbon vs 3' carbon
strands are anti-parallel
, must be double stranded
semiconservative replication - Answer Method of DNA replication in which parental strands
separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and
one new DNA strand
phosphodiester bond - Answer the type of bond that links the nucleotides in DNA or RNA.
joins the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another
nucleotide
DNA polymerase - Answer Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides
to produce a DNA molecule
DNA polymerase synthesize direction - Answer 5' to 3'
leading strand - Answer The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along
the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction.
lagging strand - Answer A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of
Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.
replication fork - Answer a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double
helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated (bidirectional)
replication bubble - Answer two replication forks
DNA replication is... - Answer bidirectional and semiconservative in all chromosomal types
DNA plymerase III - Answer Synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, also has 3' to 5'
exonuclease activity (proofreading"
DNA primase - Answer synthesizes a short stretch of RNA to make a double-stranded region
that DNA pol lll can bind to
Questions with Solved Solutions 2025-
2026 Updated.
components of a nucleotide - Answer phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
types of nitrogenous bases - Answer purines and pyrimidines
1' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer the carbon attached to the
nitrogenous base
2' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer the deoxy carbon - only hydrogens
attached
3' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer carries the hydroxyl group
4' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer binds to the O which binds to the 1'
to make the ring
5' (deoxyribose carbon atom numbering system) - Answer carries the phosphate group
DNA strand polarity - Answer Each strand of DNA has distinct 5' and 3' ends creating polarity
within the backbone.
5' will have an -OH or phosphate group bonded to C-5' of the sugar, while the 3' end has a free -
OH on C-3 of the sugar.
Rules to apply - Answer pyrimidine vs purine
A=T, C=G
3 hyrdogen bonds (C-G), 2 hydrogen bonds (A-T)
5' carbon vs 3' carbon
strands are anti-parallel
, must be double stranded
semiconservative replication - Answer Method of DNA replication in which parental strands
separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and
one new DNA strand
phosphodiester bond - Answer the type of bond that links the nucleotides in DNA or RNA.
joins the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another
nucleotide
DNA polymerase - Answer Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides
to produce a DNA molecule
DNA polymerase synthesize direction - Answer 5' to 3'
leading strand - Answer The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along
the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction.
lagging strand - Answer A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of
Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.
replication fork - Answer a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double
helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated (bidirectional)
replication bubble - Answer two replication forks
DNA replication is... - Answer bidirectional and semiconservative in all chromosomal types
DNA plymerase III - Answer Synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, also has 3' to 5'
exonuclease activity (proofreading"
DNA primase - Answer synthesizes a short stretch of RNA to make a double-stranded region
that DNA pol lll can bind to
