Biology II (Final Exam) Ecology Evolu on Prokaryotes
Plant Evolu on Biology II Final Exam Prep – Cell Biology
and Gene cs Concepts New!! 2025/2026
Chi n - strong flexible, nitrogen-containing polysaccharide
Mycelium - bundles of hyphae
Hyphae - feeding structures that are a network for funguses (mushrooms)
Imperfect Fungi - produces spores rapidly (includes mold and yeast)
Chytrids - only fungi with flagellated spores
Preda on - one species (the predator) kills and eats another species
Herbivory - consump on of plant parts or algae by an animal
Ecological Niche - sum of the use of abio c and bio c resources in the enviornment
Bio c Factors - organisms within the environment, the living components of it
Abio c Factors - nonliving components of environment, like water, temp, and energy available.
Energy Flow - passage of energy through components of an ecosystem
, Eutruphica on - addi on of nutrients into the environment
Biological Magnifica on - increase in an conc. of a substance as it moves up the next tropic
level
Rainshadow Effect - one side an area gets cloud and rain, but the other does not
Microclimates - Smaller climates within a region
Transpira on - water movement through plants, loss of water from a plant from evapora on
Natural Succession - change in a community/community type over a disturbance
Produc vity - rate of energy capture (rate of photosynthesis)
10% Rule - 10% of the energy in any trophic level goes into the next level
Ecology - interac ons of an organism within the enviornment
Carrying Capacity - maximum popula on size that an environment can sustain
Demographic Transi on - shi5 from zero popula on growth in which birth rates and death rates
are high, but roughly equal, to a popula on growth characterized by low but roughly equal birth
and death rates.
Age Structure - popula on of the number of individuals in different age-groups
Plant Evolu on Biology II Final Exam Prep – Cell Biology
and Gene cs Concepts New!! 2025/2026
Chi n - strong flexible, nitrogen-containing polysaccharide
Mycelium - bundles of hyphae
Hyphae - feeding structures that are a network for funguses (mushrooms)
Imperfect Fungi - produces spores rapidly (includes mold and yeast)
Chytrids - only fungi with flagellated spores
Preda on - one species (the predator) kills and eats another species
Herbivory - consump on of plant parts or algae by an animal
Ecological Niche - sum of the use of abio c and bio c resources in the enviornment
Bio c Factors - organisms within the environment, the living components of it
Abio c Factors - nonliving components of environment, like water, temp, and energy available.
Energy Flow - passage of energy through components of an ecosystem
, Eutruphica on - addi on of nutrients into the environment
Biological Magnifica on - increase in an conc. of a substance as it moves up the next tropic
level
Rainshadow Effect - one side an area gets cloud and rain, but the other does not
Microclimates - Smaller climates within a region
Transpira on - water movement through plants, loss of water from a plant from evapora on
Natural Succession - change in a community/community type over a disturbance
Produc vity - rate of energy capture (rate of photosynthesis)
10% Rule - 10% of the energy in any trophic level goes into the next level
Ecology - interac ons of an organism within the enviornment
Carrying Capacity - maximum popula on size that an environment can sustain
Demographic Transi on - shi5 from zero popula on growth in which birth rates and death rates
are high, but roughly equal, to a popula on growth characterized by low but roughly equal birth
and death rates.
Age Structure - popula on of the number of individuals in different age-groups
