BSNC 1000 Final exam (Module 8-10)
Question and answers verified to pass
2025/2026
The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units, and they are all part of the
larger system of the society. What type of family approach is this?
a. Family as a context
b. Family as a client
c. Family as a system
d. Family as a component of society - correct answer ✔d. Family as a component of society
Coping ineffective: exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance?
a. Stress neutral
b. Challenge/Manageable
c. Stress not manageable - correct answer ✔c. Stress not manageable
LDLs can diffuse freely through the endothelial barrier of blood vessels and enter the subendothelial
space?
a. True
b. False - correct answer ✔b. False
LDLs:
- Cross the endothelial barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis
,- may also cross the endothelial barrier if paracellular gaps are sufficiently wide
- e.g. Increased permeability during an inflammatory response
a. True
b. False - correct answer ✔a. True
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? - correct answer ✔1. An injury to the endothelium of vascular intima
triggers the inflammatory process--- cause vasodilation and increased permeability
2. Increased permeability allows infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages and circulating LDLs:
become modified by oxidation and oxidized LDLs trigger macrophage phagocytosis
3. Fat-Ladened macrophages (Foam cells) secrete inflammatory mediators and growth factors:
- Inflammatory mediators recruit more immune cells to the injured site
- Growth factors increase division and migration of smooth muscle cells
4. - Smooth muscle cells produce collagen fibers that form the fibrous cap
- macrophages, foam cells, necrotic tissue with released cholesterol form the lipid rich necrotic core.
What is Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
d. Dyslipidemia
e. Obesity - correct answer ✔a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
,What is modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking - correct answer ✔c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking
What is clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis?
a. The earliest visible lesion is called a FATTY STREAKS:
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas.
c. none of the above - correct answer ✔a. The earliest visible lesion is called a fatty streak
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas
What is Type of plaques? (select all that apply)
, a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
c. Fatty streaks
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation - correct answer ✔a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation
Stable plaque
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - correct answer ✔b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid
rich necrotic core
Unstable plaques
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - correct answer ✔a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to
spontaneous erosion or rupture
What is thromboembolism?
a. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal arterioles.
b. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks smaller distal artery.
- more common
Question and answers verified to pass
2025/2026
The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units, and they are all part of the
larger system of the society. What type of family approach is this?
a. Family as a context
b. Family as a client
c. Family as a system
d. Family as a component of society - correct answer ✔d. Family as a component of society
Coping ineffective: exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance?
a. Stress neutral
b. Challenge/Manageable
c. Stress not manageable - correct answer ✔c. Stress not manageable
LDLs can diffuse freely through the endothelial barrier of blood vessels and enter the subendothelial
space?
a. True
b. False - correct answer ✔b. False
LDLs:
- Cross the endothelial barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis
,- may also cross the endothelial barrier if paracellular gaps are sufficiently wide
- e.g. Increased permeability during an inflammatory response
a. True
b. False - correct answer ✔a. True
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? - correct answer ✔1. An injury to the endothelium of vascular intima
triggers the inflammatory process--- cause vasodilation and increased permeability
2. Increased permeability allows infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages and circulating LDLs:
become modified by oxidation and oxidized LDLs trigger macrophage phagocytosis
3. Fat-Ladened macrophages (Foam cells) secrete inflammatory mediators and growth factors:
- Inflammatory mediators recruit more immune cells to the injured site
- Growth factors increase division and migration of smooth muscle cells
4. - Smooth muscle cells produce collagen fibers that form the fibrous cap
- macrophages, foam cells, necrotic tissue with released cholesterol form the lipid rich necrotic core.
What is Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
d. Dyslipidemia
e. Obesity - correct answer ✔a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
,What is modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking - correct answer ✔c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking
What is clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis?
a. The earliest visible lesion is called a FATTY STREAKS:
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas.
c. none of the above - correct answer ✔a. The earliest visible lesion is called a fatty streak
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas
What is Type of plaques? (select all that apply)
, a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
c. Fatty streaks
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation - correct answer ✔a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation
Stable plaque
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - correct answer ✔b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid
rich necrotic core
Unstable plaques
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - correct answer ✔a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to
spontaneous erosion or rupture
What is thromboembolism?
a. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal arterioles.
b. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks smaller distal artery.
- more common
