NURS 231 PATHOPHYS
FINAL EXAM LATEST
2025-2026 WITH
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100%
PASS
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-1: They are found
far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER-
pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these
examples of? - ANSWER-signs and symptoms
,Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? - ANSWER-If negative, it can safely
be assumed that the person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? - ANSWER-
Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: - ANSWER-Tertiary prevention occurs
after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must
take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - ANSWER-In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color
changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a
cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene,
the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under
tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. -
ANSWER-necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living
person. An example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die
and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This could cause
necrosis
sunburn - ANSWER-radiation injury
obesity - ANSWER-nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species - ANSWER-free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues - ANSWER-hypoxic cell injury
fractures - ANSWER-physical agents
OTC drugs - ANSWER-Chemical injury
hypothermia - ANSWER-physical agents
radiation treatment - ANSWER-radiation injury
lead toxicity - ANSWER-chemical injury
bacteria - ANSWER-biologic agents
, List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example
of each. - ANSWER-Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular
and gets its o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring connective tissues, and
example of this is simple squamous tissue which means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between
tissues and the central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to
internal and external stimuli, helps with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are
an example of this, they aid in communicating to other cells in the body, they are held
and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other
particulate matter? - ANSWER-Phagocytosis
What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or
chemical gradient? - ANSWER-Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential: - ANSWER-Generate nerve impulse,
muscle contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane
that would otherwise not be able to pass through on its own. - ANSWER-facilitated
diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? -
ANSWER-False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess
response to therapy or reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? - ANSWER-Diagnosing the correct
cancer and histology.
Explain the TNM system: - ANSWER-T is the size and local spread of the primary
tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer
diagnosis: - ANSWER-fatigue, anemia
What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? -
ANSWER-Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
FINAL EXAM LATEST
2025-2026 WITH
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100%
PASS
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-1: They are found
far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER-
pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these
examples of? - ANSWER-signs and symptoms
,Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? - ANSWER-If negative, it can safely
be assumed that the person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? - ANSWER-
Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: - ANSWER-Tertiary prevention occurs
after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must
take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - ANSWER-In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color
changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a
cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene,
the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under
tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. -
ANSWER-necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living
person. An example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die
and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This could cause
necrosis
sunburn - ANSWER-radiation injury
obesity - ANSWER-nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species - ANSWER-free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues - ANSWER-hypoxic cell injury
fractures - ANSWER-physical agents
OTC drugs - ANSWER-Chemical injury
hypothermia - ANSWER-physical agents
radiation treatment - ANSWER-radiation injury
lead toxicity - ANSWER-chemical injury
bacteria - ANSWER-biologic agents
, List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example
of each. - ANSWER-Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular
and gets its o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring connective tissues, and
example of this is simple squamous tissue which means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between
tissues and the central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to
internal and external stimuli, helps with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are
an example of this, they aid in communicating to other cells in the body, they are held
and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other
particulate matter? - ANSWER-Phagocytosis
What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or
chemical gradient? - ANSWER-Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential: - ANSWER-Generate nerve impulse,
muscle contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane
that would otherwise not be able to pass through on its own. - ANSWER-facilitated
diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? -
ANSWER-False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess
response to therapy or reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? - ANSWER-Diagnosing the correct
cancer and histology.
Explain the TNM system: - ANSWER-T is the size and local spread of the primary
tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer
diagnosis: - ANSWER-fatigue, anemia
What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? -
ANSWER-Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
