KNS 200 EXAM 1 QUESTINS & ANSWERS
Why do we study the history of kinesiology? - answer --most societies in the world
include organized play, sport, and exercise
-society influences physical activity
-a collective, documented "memory" provides reason and insight, which guides actions
intelligence
Pre-1840 - answer -native american sport/games and influence of european colonizers
and puritan leaders of the original 13 colonies
1899 - answer --on physical training (edward hartwell)
-influence of westward expansion and industrialization
1917 - answer -the rise of sport (frederic paxon) - connects societal events to sport
1920s-1930s - answer --growth in publications (textbooks and scientific journals) for
physical education
-evidence that ⅓ of ww2 draftees were unfit to serve
-seward staley suggests inclusion of sport history (prominence in professional
basketball and american football; lacking opportunities for girls and women)
1956 - answer -president's council on physical fitness (president eisenhower) -
president's cardiac rehabilitation included a relatively novel component; european kids
were more fit than us kids
1970s - answer --increased public interest in jogging, aerobics exercise, and fitness
clubs
-title ix approved by us congress (equal opportunity for men and women in education -
including sport)
2008 - answer -first publication of the evidence-based physical activity guidelines for
americans
2019 to current - answer -covid-19 pandemic
Biomechanics - answer -application of natural laws (physics, math) to investigate the
structure and function of living organisms; contributions of middle eastern, african, near
eastern, asian, and greco-roman civilizations from thousands of years ago
Biomechanics - 1400s to 1600s - answer -renewed interest during renaissance in
europe
Biomechanics - 1890s to 1930s - answer -"efficiency movement"
, Biomechanics - 1923 - answer -formal training in biomechanics for dance and physical
educators
Biomechanics - 1960s - answer -biomechanics as a scholarly area
Biomechanics - 1980s - answer -introduction of low-cost computer tech
Biomechanics - rene decartes - answer -perception of human body as a machine
Biomechanics - giovanni alfonso borelli - answer -founder of biomechanics; understood
muscles used leverage to exert movement; discovered calculations to understand bodily
forces
Biomechanics - frederick winslow taylor - answer -efficiency movement; scientific study
of human motion and time requirements for work tasks; proposed principals for
production efficiency
Biomechanics - vsevolod meyerhold - answer -integrated biomechanics with theater;
"biomechanics" as a method of acting; productions integrated laws of mechanical
physics with balance, coordination, and rhythm
Biomechanics - ruth glassow - answer -how we quantify joint motion; quantification of
joint motion via high-speed film analysis tech; classification system of activities based
on movement
Exercise physiology - 1700s to 1800s - answer -evolution from physiology; respiration
Exercise physiology - 1920s - answer -application to human movement
Exercise physiology - 1950s + - answer -landmark research - double-decker bus driver
vs. Conductors (morris, 1953) -> bus drivers had a more significant risk of heart disease
than conductors; kcal expenditure in san francisco longshoremen (paffenbarger, 1970)
Exercise physiology - 1990s - answer -evidence-based national reports - physical
inactivity a major risk factor for cvd; moderate pa confers significant health benefits (nih
consesus devlopment panel, 1996); u.s. surgeon general reports the link between pa
and health (usdhhs, 1996)
Exercise physiology - antoine lavosier and pierre de laplace - answer -chemists;
developed method to measure o2 and co2 during respiration in animals
Exercise physiology - august krogh - answer -developed first cycle ergometer
Exercise physiology - archibald v. Hill - answer -increased understanding of energy
metabolism
Why do we study the history of kinesiology? - answer --most societies in the world
include organized play, sport, and exercise
-society influences physical activity
-a collective, documented "memory" provides reason and insight, which guides actions
intelligence
Pre-1840 - answer -native american sport/games and influence of european colonizers
and puritan leaders of the original 13 colonies
1899 - answer --on physical training (edward hartwell)
-influence of westward expansion and industrialization
1917 - answer -the rise of sport (frederic paxon) - connects societal events to sport
1920s-1930s - answer --growth in publications (textbooks and scientific journals) for
physical education
-evidence that ⅓ of ww2 draftees were unfit to serve
-seward staley suggests inclusion of sport history (prominence in professional
basketball and american football; lacking opportunities for girls and women)
1956 - answer -president's council on physical fitness (president eisenhower) -
president's cardiac rehabilitation included a relatively novel component; european kids
were more fit than us kids
1970s - answer --increased public interest in jogging, aerobics exercise, and fitness
clubs
-title ix approved by us congress (equal opportunity for men and women in education -
including sport)
2008 - answer -first publication of the evidence-based physical activity guidelines for
americans
2019 to current - answer -covid-19 pandemic
Biomechanics - answer -application of natural laws (physics, math) to investigate the
structure and function of living organisms; contributions of middle eastern, african, near
eastern, asian, and greco-roman civilizations from thousands of years ago
Biomechanics - 1400s to 1600s - answer -renewed interest during renaissance in
europe
Biomechanics - 1890s to 1930s - answer -"efficiency movement"
, Biomechanics - 1923 - answer -formal training in biomechanics for dance and physical
educators
Biomechanics - 1960s - answer -biomechanics as a scholarly area
Biomechanics - 1980s - answer -introduction of low-cost computer tech
Biomechanics - rene decartes - answer -perception of human body as a machine
Biomechanics - giovanni alfonso borelli - answer -founder of biomechanics; understood
muscles used leverage to exert movement; discovered calculations to understand bodily
forces
Biomechanics - frederick winslow taylor - answer -efficiency movement; scientific study
of human motion and time requirements for work tasks; proposed principals for
production efficiency
Biomechanics - vsevolod meyerhold - answer -integrated biomechanics with theater;
"biomechanics" as a method of acting; productions integrated laws of mechanical
physics with balance, coordination, and rhythm
Biomechanics - ruth glassow - answer -how we quantify joint motion; quantification of
joint motion via high-speed film analysis tech; classification system of activities based
on movement
Exercise physiology - 1700s to 1800s - answer -evolution from physiology; respiration
Exercise physiology - 1920s - answer -application to human movement
Exercise physiology - 1950s + - answer -landmark research - double-decker bus driver
vs. Conductors (morris, 1953) -> bus drivers had a more significant risk of heart disease
than conductors; kcal expenditure in san francisco longshoremen (paffenbarger, 1970)
Exercise physiology - 1990s - answer -evidence-based national reports - physical
inactivity a major risk factor for cvd; moderate pa confers significant health benefits (nih
consesus devlopment panel, 1996); u.s. surgeon general reports the link between pa
and health (usdhhs, 1996)
Exercise physiology - antoine lavosier and pierre de laplace - answer -chemists;
developed method to measure o2 and co2 during respiration in animals
Exercise physiology - august krogh - answer -developed first cycle ergometer
Exercise physiology - archibald v. Hill - answer -increased understanding of energy
metabolism
