BIOL 4003 Exam 2 questions with
verified answers graded A+
Which of the following is not found in a bacterial chromosome? - correct answer ✔✔ One
centromere
Chargaff's studies of the base composition of various species provides evidence for - correct
answer ✔✔ The AT/GC Rule
Which of the following could be the components of a single nucleotide found within a DNA
strand? - correct answer ✔✔ deoxyribose, thymine, and phosphate
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? - correct answer ✔✔ Adenine
In the experiment of Avery, McLeod, and McCarty, the addition of RNase and protease to the
DNA extracts - correct answer ✔✔ allowed the conversion of type R bacteria into type S
bacteria
Which of the following would not be a characteristic of a typical eukaryotic chromosome? -
correct answer ✔✔ One origin of replication
A chromosome territory is a region - correct answer ✔✔ in a cell nucleus that is occupied by a
single chromosome.
What are the four criteria that the genetic material must fulfill to function as the genetic
material? - correct answer ✔✔ Store information, transmission, replication, and variation
,In a DNA strand, a phosphate connects a 3' carbon atom in one deoxyribose to - correct answer
✔✔ a 5' carbon in an adjacent deoxyribose.
Positive supercoiling can - correct answer ✔✔ make a segment of DNA more compact
Information - correct answer ✔✔ It must contain the information necessary to make an entire
organism
Transmission - correct answer ✔✔ It must be passed from parent to offspring
Replication - correct answer ✔✔ It must be copied
Variation - correct answer ✔✔ It must be capable of changes
Griffith DNA Experiments - correct answer ✔✔ Injected two types of a bacteria into a mouse.
Type S: Killed mouse
Type R: Mouse survived
BUT: When dead type S was injected with living type R, mouse still died. Known as
transformation
Nucleotide - correct answer ✔✔ Repeating structural unit of DNA, three components
phosphate, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.
Ex. Adenosine mono/di/tri-phosphate
Nucleoside - correct answer ✔✔ composed of a base and a sugar.
Ex. Adenosine
,Nucleic acid strand - correct answer ✔✔ backbone composed of phosphates and sugar
molecules linked by phosphodiester bonds in a 5' to 3' directionality, respectively, with bases
projecting from the sugar 1' carbon backbone.
Chargaff's Rule - correct answer ✔✔ Percent of adenine = percent of thymine
Percent of cytosine = percent of guanine
It was crucial evidence that Watson and Crick used to elucidate the structure of DNA
DNA double helix - correct answer ✔✔ structures B DNA (naturally occuring) are two strands
twisting together right-handedly around a common axis-at a rate of 10 bases per complete
twist-in an antiparallel fashion.
Bases hydrogen bond A/T and C/G and stacked approximately in the same plane on top of each
other
RNA structure - correct answer ✔✔ Primary structure nearly identical to the DNA strands, other
than it has an OH group on the 2' carbon pentose sugar and Uracil replaces thymine
Mostly single stranded, though can form short double-stranded regions by complementary
base-paring A/U and C/G. Double helices are typically right handed at a rate of 11-12 bp per
turn.
Other secondary structures are also possible.
Purine Bases - correct answer ✔✔ Adenine and Guanine are bases with a double-ring structure
Pyrimidine Bases - correct answer ✔✔ Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA) and Cytosine are pyrimidine
bases with a single ringed structure.
, Nucleoid - correct answer ✔✔ Region of prokaryotic cell where the circular chromosome is
located, usually only a single chromosome but may be found in more than one copy.
Prokaryotic Chromosome - correct answer ✔✔ Composition A few million nucleotides in length
encoding between one and few thousand genes. Contains little more than protein coding genes,
and sequences for DNA replication, gene regulation and chromosome structure.
Short repetitive sequences may play a role in a variety of genetic processes, including DNA
folding, gene expression, and genetic recombination.
Only has 1 origin of replication
Eukaryotic Chromosome Sequence - correct answer ✔✔ Amount of DNA in haploid complete
set is genome size (not correlated with our idea of complexity)
Typically more DNA Than bacterial cells, protein coding genes and repetitive DNA
Eukaryotic Repetitive DNA Locations: - correct answer ✔✔ some genes (ribosomal RNAs, gene
families)
origins of replication
around centromeres
near telomeres (ends chromosomes
unknown function (junk?regulatory?structural?); e.g., transposable elements, viral remnants
DNA Compaction - correct answer ✔✔ Naked dsDNA in an organism's genome is long
verified answers graded A+
Which of the following is not found in a bacterial chromosome? - correct answer ✔✔ One
centromere
Chargaff's studies of the base composition of various species provides evidence for - correct
answer ✔✔ The AT/GC Rule
Which of the following could be the components of a single nucleotide found within a DNA
strand? - correct answer ✔✔ deoxyribose, thymine, and phosphate
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? - correct answer ✔✔ Adenine
In the experiment of Avery, McLeod, and McCarty, the addition of RNase and protease to the
DNA extracts - correct answer ✔✔ allowed the conversion of type R bacteria into type S
bacteria
Which of the following would not be a characteristic of a typical eukaryotic chromosome? -
correct answer ✔✔ One origin of replication
A chromosome territory is a region - correct answer ✔✔ in a cell nucleus that is occupied by a
single chromosome.
What are the four criteria that the genetic material must fulfill to function as the genetic
material? - correct answer ✔✔ Store information, transmission, replication, and variation
,In a DNA strand, a phosphate connects a 3' carbon atom in one deoxyribose to - correct answer
✔✔ a 5' carbon in an adjacent deoxyribose.
Positive supercoiling can - correct answer ✔✔ make a segment of DNA more compact
Information - correct answer ✔✔ It must contain the information necessary to make an entire
organism
Transmission - correct answer ✔✔ It must be passed from parent to offspring
Replication - correct answer ✔✔ It must be copied
Variation - correct answer ✔✔ It must be capable of changes
Griffith DNA Experiments - correct answer ✔✔ Injected two types of a bacteria into a mouse.
Type S: Killed mouse
Type R: Mouse survived
BUT: When dead type S was injected with living type R, mouse still died. Known as
transformation
Nucleotide - correct answer ✔✔ Repeating structural unit of DNA, three components
phosphate, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.
Ex. Adenosine mono/di/tri-phosphate
Nucleoside - correct answer ✔✔ composed of a base and a sugar.
Ex. Adenosine
,Nucleic acid strand - correct answer ✔✔ backbone composed of phosphates and sugar
molecules linked by phosphodiester bonds in a 5' to 3' directionality, respectively, with bases
projecting from the sugar 1' carbon backbone.
Chargaff's Rule - correct answer ✔✔ Percent of adenine = percent of thymine
Percent of cytosine = percent of guanine
It was crucial evidence that Watson and Crick used to elucidate the structure of DNA
DNA double helix - correct answer ✔✔ structures B DNA (naturally occuring) are two strands
twisting together right-handedly around a common axis-at a rate of 10 bases per complete
twist-in an antiparallel fashion.
Bases hydrogen bond A/T and C/G and stacked approximately in the same plane on top of each
other
RNA structure - correct answer ✔✔ Primary structure nearly identical to the DNA strands, other
than it has an OH group on the 2' carbon pentose sugar and Uracil replaces thymine
Mostly single stranded, though can form short double-stranded regions by complementary
base-paring A/U and C/G. Double helices are typically right handed at a rate of 11-12 bp per
turn.
Other secondary structures are also possible.
Purine Bases - correct answer ✔✔ Adenine and Guanine are bases with a double-ring structure
Pyrimidine Bases - correct answer ✔✔ Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA) and Cytosine are pyrimidine
bases with a single ringed structure.
, Nucleoid - correct answer ✔✔ Region of prokaryotic cell where the circular chromosome is
located, usually only a single chromosome but may be found in more than one copy.
Prokaryotic Chromosome - correct answer ✔✔ Composition A few million nucleotides in length
encoding between one and few thousand genes. Contains little more than protein coding genes,
and sequences for DNA replication, gene regulation and chromosome structure.
Short repetitive sequences may play a role in a variety of genetic processes, including DNA
folding, gene expression, and genetic recombination.
Only has 1 origin of replication
Eukaryotic Chromosome Sequence - correct answer ✔✔ Amount of DNA in haploid complete
set is genome size (not correlated with our idea of complexity)
Typically more DNA Than bacterial cells, protein coding genes and repetitive DNA
Eukaryotic Repetitive DNA Locations: - correct answer ✔✔ some genes (ribosomal RNAs, gene
families)
origins of replication
around centromeres
near telomeres (ends chromosomes
unknown function (junk?regulatory?structural?); e.g., transposable elements, viral remnants
DNA Compaction - correct answer ✔✔ Naked dsDNA in an organism's genome is long
