Psychopharm Final Exam Newest 2025/2026
Questions and Correct Answers Graded
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Schizophrenia - CORRECT ANSWER-• Behavioral disturbance must last at least
6 months, with at least 1 month of:
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech or behavior
• Catatonic behavior
• Negative symptoms
• Positive symptoms are the most dramatic, lead to hospitalization, and are the
targets of medication
,Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-What the body does to the drug.
ADME - CORRECT ANSWER-Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
Volume of distribution (Vd= dose/[drug]plasma) - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid
volume required to contain the total amount of absorbed drug in the body at a
uniform concentration equivalent to that in the plasma at steady state
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER--The effects of a drug on the body
-Based on the concept of drug-receptor binding
Affinity. (Kd) - CORRECT ANSWER-Rate at which the drug binds to the receptor
compared to the rate that a receptor complex disassociates
Dose response relationships - CORRECT ANSWER-Potency (EC50)
Efficacy (Emax)
Median effective dose (ED50)
Median toxic dose (TD50)
Median lethal dose (LD50)
,6 most common neurotransmitters (to be acted upon by psychotropic
medications; First messengers) - CORRECT ANSWER-Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
GABA
Neurotransmitter reuptake - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecular target in 30% of
psychotropic drugs. Prevent recycling of serotonin, dopamine, and
norepinephrine by inhibiting the reuptake in the storage in the neuron leading to
an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter receptors - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecular target in 30% of
psychotropic drugs. Binds to the same site on a neurotransmitter receptor as a
neurotransmitter or allosterically. Changes effects of receptor; hinders or
enhances effect of neurotransmitter binding.
, Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecular target in 10% of psychotropic drugs.
Medications may reversibility or irreversibly inhibit THESE to prevent metabolism
of neurotransmitters; increasing concentration.
Ion channel neurotransmission - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes Ligand-gated and
voltage gated
Ligand-gated - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulated by receptor gate keeper that has
the potential to bind to neurotransmitter or hormone; doing so allows for
opening of channel and flow of charged molecules.
Manipulation of binding by agonists, antagonists, etc. effect the frequency at
which a channel opens.
Voltage gated channels - CORRECT ANSWER-Ion channels regulated by the
ionic charge or voltage potential across the membrane in which they reside.
Psychosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Set of symptoms in which a person's mental
capacity, affective response, and capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and
relate to others is impaired
Negative symptoms (schizophrenia) - CORRECT ANSWER-• Alogia: reduced
speech
Questions and Correct Answers Graded
A+|Just Released
Schizophrenia - CORRECT ANSWER-• Behavioral disturbance must last at least
6 months, with at least 1 month of:
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech or behavior
• Catatonic behavior
• Negative symptoms
• Positive symptoms are the most dramatic, lead to hospitalization, and are the
targets of medication
,Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-What the body does to the drug.
ADME - CORRECT ANSWER-Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
Volume of distribution (Vd= dose/[drug]plasma) - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid
volume required to contain the total amount of absorbed drug in the body at a
uniform concentration equivalent to that in the plasma at steady state
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER--The effects of a drug on the body
-Based on the concept of drug-receptor binding
Affinity. (Kd) - CORRECT ANSWER-Rate at which the drug binds to the receptor
compared to the rate that a receptor complex disassociates
Dose response relationships - CORRECT ANSWER-Potency (EC50)
Efficacy (Emax)
Median effective dose (ED50)
Median toxic dose (TD50)
Median lethal dose (LD50)
,6 most common neurotransmitters (to be acted upon by psychotropic
medications; First messengers) - CORRECT ANSWER-Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
GABA
Neurotransmitter reuptake - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecular target in 30% of
psychotropic drugs. Prevent recycling of serotonin, dopamine, and
norepinephrine by inhibiting the reuptake in the storage in the neuron leading to
an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter receptors - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecular target in 30% of
psychotropic drugs. Binds to the same site on a neurotransmitter receptor as a
neurotransmitter or allosterically. Changes effects of receptor; hinders or
enhances effect of neurotransmitter binding.
, Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecular target in 10% of psychotropic drugs.
Medications may reversibility or irreversibly inhibit THESE to prevent metabolism
of neurotransmitters; increasing concentration.
Ion channel neurotransmission - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes Ligand-gated and
voltage gated
Ligand-gated - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulated by receptor gate keeper that has
the potential to bind to neurotransmitter or hormone; doing so allows for
opening of channel and flow of charged molecules.
Manipulation of binding by agonists, antagonists, etc. effect the frequency at
which a channel opens.
Voltage gated channels - CORRECT ANSWER-Ion channels regulated by the
ionic charge or voltage potential across the membrane in which they reside.
Psychosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Set of symptoms in which a person's mental
capacity, affective response, and capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and
relate to others is impaired
Negative symptoms (schizophrenia) - CORRECT ANSWER-• Alogia: reduced
speech
