NUTR 280 - Exam 2 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
what is photosynthesis Ans: plants trap the energy from the sun and use it to make
sugars from CO2 and water
what is chlorophyll Ans: green pigment in plants, captures the sun's energy
what is the transformation of energy in photosynthesis Ans: light energy becomes
chemical energy and allows glucose to form
what is a glucose molecule made up of Ans: 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
what does water donate to photosynthesis Ans: hydrogen and some oxygen
where do plants get their energy Ans: glucose, the breaking of bonds between water
and CO2 releases energy
what is starch Ans: storage form of glucose in plants
what are carbohydrates Ans: class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the
body
what is the main source of CHO Ans: plant-derived
what is the exception to the main source of CHO Ans: cow's milk and products made
from such
how many simple CHOs are important to nutrition Ans: 6
what are monosaccharides Ans: simplest type of sugar, basic chemical units of CHOs
what are some examples of monosaccharides Ans: glucose, fructose, and galactose
what is glucose Ans: the most important monosaccharide in the body
,what burns mostly glucose for energy under normal conditions Ans: red blood cells,
brain cells, and nervous system cells
what are the food sources of glucose Ans: fruits and vegetables
what is fructose Ans: fruit sugar, sweetest of the monosaccharides
what are the sources of fructose Ans: mainly in fruit, honey, few vegetables,
component of table sugar
why is it important if the body has little need for it Ans: certain liver cells can convert
it to glucose or fat
where is galactose not commonly found Ans: foods
what is galactose an important component of Ans: lactose found in cow's milk and
products made with such
what are disaccharides Ans: simple CHOs made up of two monosaccharides
what do all disaccharides contain Ans: at least one glucose molecule
what are the three major dietary disaccharides Ans: lactose, sucrose, and maltose
what is lactose Ans: glucose + galactose, milk sugar
what is sucrose Ans: glucose + fructose
where is sucrose found Ans: naturally in some foods, most is refined from sugarcane
and sugar beets
what is maltose made up of Ans: glucose + glucose
what is maltose Ans: a disaccharide that remains after the hydrolysis of starch
what is high fructose corn syrup Ans: a syrup obtained from the processing of corn
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,what can the excess calorie intake from beverages sweetened with HFCS or table
sugar contribute to Ans: increased risk for diabetes and heart disease
what are sugars Ans: nutritive sweeteners, substances that sweeten and contribute
energy to foods
what are added sugars Ans: sugars added to foods during processing or preparation
how much sugar does each gram of a mono or disaccharide supply Ans: 4 kilocalories
what are alternative sweeteners Ans: substances that sweeten foods while providing
few or no kilocalories
what are sugar alcohols Ans: alternative sweeteners used to replace sucrose in some
sugar-free foods
what are some characteristics of sugar alcohols Ans: do not promote dental decay,
not fully absorbed by intestinal tract
what are nonnutritive sweeteners Ans: another type of alternative sweetener, group
of compounds that taste intensely sweet but do not contribute calories
how much nonnutritive sweetener is needed to sweeten food Ans: very small amount
what are complex carbohydrates Ans: comprised of 3 or more monosaccharides
bonded together
what are polysaccharides Ans: complex CHOs of more than 10 monosaccharides
bonded together
what are oligosaccharides Ans: complex CHO comprised of 3 to 10 monosaccharides
bonded together
what happens since human digestive enzymes do no readily break down
oligosaccharides Ans: some remain intact as they pass through the small intestine, they
get broken down to produce energy and waste
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, what are examples of complex carbohydrates Ans: starch, glycogen, and fiber
what is a starch Ans: a CHO found in plants, made up of many glucose molecules
linked in straight or branched chains
what is amylose Ans: straight chains of glucose units
what is amylopectin Ans: branched chains glucose units
what is starch granule Ans: tight formation of newly forming starch in a growing plant
what is glycogen Ans: polysaccharide, storage form of glucose
where is glycogen made Ans: liver
where is glycogen stored Ans: liver and muscle tissue
what is the benefit of glycogen branching Ans: able to be broken down quickly to
provide needed glucose for energy
what is fiber Ans: non-digestible plant material, most are polysaccharides
what is the process of bacteria in the large intestine breaking down some fiber Ans:
fermentation
what are the two types of fiber Ans: insoluble and soluble
what are some characteristics of insoluble fiber Ans: not dissolvable, do not form gels,
less likely to be broken down in intestine, increases fecal bulk
what is the main benefit of insoluble fiber Ans: bowel health
how does insoluble fiber help with constipation Ans: increasing the frequency of
defecation
what are swollen veins in the rectal/anal areas Ans: hemorrhoids
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Verified Answers
what is photosynthesis Ans: plants trap the energy from the sun and use it to make
sugars from CO2 and water
what is chlorophyll Ans: green pigment in plants, captures the sun's energy
what is the transformation of energy in photosynthesis Ans: light energy becomes
chemical energy and allows glucose to form
what is a glucose molecule made up of Ans: 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
what does water donate to photosynthesis Ans: hydrogen and some oxygen
where do plants get their energy Ans: glucose, the breaking of bonds between water
and CO2 releases energy
what is starch Ans: storage form of glucose in plants
what are carbohydrates Ans: class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the
body
what is the main source of CHO Ans: plant-derived
what is the exception to the main source of CHO Ans: cow's milk and products made
from such
how many simple CHOs are important to nutrition Ans: 6
what are monosaccharides Ans: simplest type of sugar, basic chemical units of CHOs
what are some examples of monosaccharides Ans: glucose, fructose, and galactose
what is glucose Ans: the most important monosaccharide in the body
,what burns mostly glucose for energy under normal conditions Ans: red blood cells,
brain cells, and nervous system cells
what are the food sources of glucose Ans: fruits and vegetables
what is fructose Ans: fruit sugar, sweetest of the monosaccharides
what are the sources of fructose Ans: mainly in fruit, honey, few vegetables,
component of table sugar
why is it important if the body has little need for it Ans: certain liver cells can convert
it to glucose or fat
where is galactose not commonly found Ans: foods
what is galactose an important component of Ans: lactose found in cow's milk and
products made with such
what are disaccharides Ans: simple CHOs made up of two monosaccharides
what do all disaccharides contain Ans: at least one glucose molecule
what are the three major dietary disaccharides Ans: lactose, sucrose, and maltose
what is lactose Ans: glucose + galactose, milk sugar
what is sucrose Ans: glucose + fructose
where is sucrose found Ans: naturally in some foods, most is refined from sugarcane
and sugar beets
what is maltose made up of Ans: glucose + glucose
what is maltose Ans: a disaccharide that remains after the hydrolysis of starch
what is high fructose corn syrup Ans: a syrup obtained from the processing of corn
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,what can the excess calorie intake from beverages sweetened with HFCS or table
sugar contribute to Ans: increased risk for diabetes and heart disease
what are sugars Ans: nutritive sweeteners, substances that sweeten and contribute
energy to foods
what are added sugars Ans: sugars added to foods during processing or preparation
how much sugar does each gram of a mono or disaccharide supply Ans: 4 kilocalories
what are alternative sweeteners Ans: substances that sweeten foods while providing
few or no kilocalories
what are sugar alcohols Ans: alternative sweeteners used to replace sucrose in some
sugar-free foods
what are some characteristics of sugar alcohols Ans: do not promote dental decay,
not fully absorbed by intestinal tract
what are nonnutritive sweeteners Ans: another type of alternative sweetener, group
of compounds that taste intensely sweet but do not contribute calories
how much nonnutritive sweetener is needed to sweeten food Ans: very small amount
what are complex carbohydrates Ans: comprised of 3 or more monosaccharides
bonded together
what are polysaccharides Ans: complex CHOs of more than 10 monosaccharides
bonded together
what are oligosaccharides Ans: complex CHO comprised of 3 to 10 monosaccharides
bonded together
what happens since human digestive enzymes do no readily break down
oligosaccharides Ans: some remain intact as they pass through the small intestine, they
get broken down to produce energy and waste
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, what are examples of complex carbohydrates Ans: starch, glycogen, and fiber
what is a starch Ans: a CHO found in plants, made up of many glucose molecules
linked in straight or branched chains
what is amylose Ans: straight chains of glucose units
what is amylopectin Ans: branched chains glucose units
what is starch granule Ans: tight formation of newly forming starch in a growing plant
what is glycogen Ans: polysaccharide, storage form of glucose
where is glycogen made Ans: liver
where is glycogen stored Ans: liver and muscle tissue
what is the benefit of glycogen branching Ans: able to be broken down quickly to
provide needed glucose for energy
what is fiber Ans: non-digestible plant material, most are polysaccharides
what is the process of bacteria in the large intestine breaking down some fiber Ans:
fermentation
what are the two types of fiber Ans: insoluble and soluble
what are some characteristics of insoluble fiber Ans: not dissolvable, do not form gels,
less likely to be broken down in intestine, increases fecal bulk
what is the main benefit of insoluble fiber Ans: bowel health
how does insoluble fiber help with constipation Ans: increasing the frequency of
defecation
what are swollen veins in the rectal/anal areas Ans: hemorrhoids
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
