FRSC 1011 Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest 2025
forensic science - Answers the application of science to civil and criminal law
Yi Yu Ji - Answers first documented case of science applied to a criminal investigation ('A
Collection of Criminal Cases')
Alphonse Bertillon's anthropometry - Answers first system of personal identification, based on a
series of body measurements
Marcello Malphigi - Answers first to recognize ridges, spirals, and loops in fingerprints
Thomas Taylor and Henry Faulds - Answers suggested fingerprints could be used in human
identification
Henry Galton - Answers provided statistical evidence for the uniqueness of fingerprints,
developed system for classifying prints
Hans Gross - Answers wrote the first influential treatise on the application of scientific
principles to the field of criminal investigation
Mathieu Orfila - Answers father of forensic toxicology, published treatise on poisons
Dr. Karl Landsteiner - Answers discovered that blood can be grouped into different categories (A,
B, O)
Edmund Locard - Answers founder & director of earliest workable crime lab, stated that 'every
contact leaves a trace'
Dr. Walter C. McCrone - Answers leading figure in microscopy, particularly in forensic
applications
Colonel Calvin Goddard - Answers refined firearms examination using comparison microscopy
to see if two bullets could have been fired from the same gun
Sir Alec Jeffreys - Answers developed the first DNA profiling test in 1984
forensic services in Canada - Answers Six RCMP labs; Centre of Forensic Science in Toronto;
Institute of Legal Medicine and Police Science in Montreal; 13 OPP labs in Ontario
importance of physical evidence - Answers free from inherent error or bias
Frye v. United States - Answers Rejected validity of polygraph test; established that evidence
must be 'generally accepted' by the scientific community to be admissible
lay witness - Answers can only provide facts, not personal opinions or interpretation
expert witness - Answers qualified by knowledge, skill, experience, training, etc. and is called
, upon to evaluate evidence/express opinion as to significance of findings
priorities of first responding officer - Answers acquiring medical assistance for victims,
detaining suspects/witnesses, securing the scene, calling for additional personnel
indicators of timing of incident - Answers electronics turned on, temperature of running water,
partially eaten/prepared food, car engine warm/cold, snow...
primary crime scene - Answers the original location where the crime took place, eg. a murder
scene
secondary crime scene - Answers the location where events after the initial crime occurred, eg.
a shallow grave
line/strip search pattern - Answers 1-2 investigators
grid search pattern - Answers 2+ investigators
spiral search pattern - Answers 1 investigator, moving from center of scene to boundary or vice
versa
wheel/ray search pattern - Answers Several investigators-- useful for larger scenes-- area
between 'rays' is where evidence is likely to be missed
quadrant/zone search pattern - Answers Several investigators, each assigned a 'section'
vehicle searches - Answers both interior and exterior; at the scene or at police
department/laboratory garage
departing the scene - Answers lead investigator decides all pertinent physical evidence has
been recorded and collected, final survey is undertaken before releasing scene
class characteristics of bullets - Answers ‣ caliber
‣ lands and grooves (number, angle, direction of twist)
caliber (firearms) - Answers higher # = narrower barrel; number of lead balls of a diameter equal
to that of the barrel required to make one pound (except .410 which is 0.41 inches)
individual characteristics of bullets - Answers microscopic striations produced by tiny
irregularities unique to each gun barrel
individual characteristics of cartridge casings - Answers impressions from:
‣ firing pin
forensic science - Answers the application of science to civil and criminal law
Yi Yu Ji - Answers first documented case of science applied to a criminal investigation ('A
Collection of Criminal Cases')
Alphonse Bertillon's anthropometry - Answers first system of personal identification, based on a
series of body measurements
Marcello Malphigi - Answers first to recognize ridges, spirals, and loops in fingerprints
Thomas Taylor and Henry Faulds - Answers suggested fingerprints could be used in human
identification
Henry Galton - Answers provided statistical evidence for the uniqueness of fingerprints,
developed system for classifying prints
Hans Gross - Answers wrote the first influential treatise on the application of scientific
principles to the field of criminal investigation
Mathieu Orfila - Answers father of forensic toxicology, published treatise on poisons
Dr. Karl Landsteiner - Answers discovered that blood can be grouped into different categories (A,
B, O)
Edmund Locard - Answers founder & director of earliest workable crime lab, stated that 'every
contact leaves a trace'
Dr. Walter C. McCrone - Answers leading figure in microscopy, particularly in forensic
applications
Colonel Calvin Goddard - Answers refined firearms examination using comparison microscopy
to see if two bullets could have been fired from the same gun
Sir Alec Jeffreys - Answers developed the first DNA profiling test in 1984
forensic services in Canada - Answers Six RCMP labs; Centre of Forensic Science in Toronto;
Institute of Legal Medicine and Police Science in Montreal; 13 OPP labs in Ontario
importance of physical evidence - Answers free from inherent error or bias
Frye v. United States - Answers Rejected validity of polygraph test; established that evidence
must be 'generally accepted' by the scientific community to be admissible
lay witness - Answers can only provide facts, not personal opinions or interpretation
expert witness - Answers qualified by knowledge, skill, experience, training, etc. and is called
, upon to evaluate evidence/express opinion as to significance of findings
priorities of first responding officer - Answers acquiring medical assistance for victims,
detaining suspects/witnesses, securing the scene, calling for additional personnel
indicators of timing of incident - Answers electronics turned on, temperature of running water,
partially eaten/prepared food, car engine warm/cold, snow...
primary crime scene - Answers the original location where the crime took place, eg. a murder
scene
secondary crime scene - Answers the location where events after the initial crime occurred, eg.
a shallow grave
line/strip search pattern - Answers 1-2 investigators
grid search pattern - Answers 2+ investigators
spiral search pattern - Answers 1 investigator, moving from center of scene to boundary or vice
versa
wheel/ray search pattern - Answers Several investigators-- useful for larger scenes-- area
between 'rays' is where evidence is likely to be missed
quadrant/zone search pattern - Answers Several investigators, each assigned a 'section'
vehicle searches - Answers both interior and exterior; at the scene or at police
department/laboratory garage
departing the scene - Answers lead investigator decides all pertinent physical evidence has
been recorded and collected, final survey is undertaken before releasing scene
class characteristics of bullets - Answers ‣ caliber
‣ lands and grooves (number, angle, direction of twist)
caliber (firearms) - Answers higher # = narrower barrel; number of lead balls of a diameter equal
to that of the barrel required to make one pound (except .410 which is 0.41 inches)
individual characteristics of bullets - Answers microscopic striations produced by tiny
irregularities unique to each gun barrel
individual characteristics of cartridge casings - Answers impressions from:
‣ firing pin
