Psychology 105 – Final Exam Review | A+
Guaranteed Pass Study Guide 2025
Developmental psychology
- CORRECT ANSWER -The study of how behaviour changes over an individual's lifespan
Post Hoc Fallacy
- CORRECT ANSWER -(A then B) != (A causes B)
Bidirectional Influences
- CORRECT ANSWER -Development influences experiences, experiences influence development
Cohort Effect
- CORRECT ANSWER -Differences in groups due to growing up in a different era/time period
The Influence of Early Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -Early input from the world is not more important than input at any other
time
Nature vs Nurture
- CORRECT ANSWER -Out psychosis is affected by both our genes (nature) and our
environment (nurture)
Gene-Environment Interactions
- CORRECT ANSWER -Genes can intensify the behaviour we develop from our environment
Nature via Nurture
- CORRECT ANSWER -Our genetics drive us to find environments that suit us, giving the false
appearance of a pure environmental effect
,Gene expression
- CORRECT ANSWER -Some genes "turn on" only in certain situations
Proliferation
- CORRECT ANSWER -Period between 18 days and 6 months where babies develop neurons at
an incredible rate (up to 250K per minute)
Teratogens
- CORRECT ANSWER -Things that hinder prenatal development (smoking, alcohol, drugs,
chicken pox)
Motor Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -We're born with some motor functions (sucking, rooting), while others
develop over time (rate is affected by culture and physical maturity)
Physical Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -Adolescence: Puberty, sex changes, physical maturity
Adulthood: Physical/cognitive peak in early 20s
Stagelike vs Gradual Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -Stagelike development refers to sudden changes (stages), gradual
development refers to a slow (gradual) growth
Domain General vs Domain Specific
- CORRECT ANSWER -Domain-general suggests that we have a global knowledge structure,
domain-specific suggests that we have specialized knowledge structure
Principal Source of Learning
- CORRECT ANSWER -Emphasis on different learning sources (physical experience vs social
interaction vs biological maturation)
, Who is Jean Piaget?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Swiss psychologist who presented the first complete account of
cognitive development. Stage theorist who believed in domain-general development.
Piaget's Theory
- CORRECT ANSWER -Children assimilate knowledge in a stage, and hit a new stage when they
can't assimilate new information
Piaget's Stages
- CORRECT ANSWER -Sensorimotor: Birth to 2yrs, focus on here and now, lack object
permanence
Preoperational: 2-7yrs, can consiously construct memories, egocentric
Concrete operations: 7-11yrs, can perform mental operations for physical events
Formal operations: 11-adulthood, can understand reasoning beyond the here and now, can
understand logical concepts and abstract questions
Pros and Cons of Piaget's Theories
- CORRECT ANSWER -Pros: showed us that kids aren't just small adults, learning is not passive
Cons: children's competence was underestimated and methods were culturally biased
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Psychologist who developed theories on social and cultural influences on
cognitive development
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
- CORRECT ANSWER -The middle ground between what learners can and can't do (what they
can do with guidance)
Guaranteed Pass Study Guide 2025
Developmental psychology
- CORRECT ANSWER -The study of how behaviour changes over an individual's lifespan
Post Hoc Fallacy
- CORRECT ANSWER -(A then B) != (A causes B)
Bidirectional Influences
- CORRECT ANSWER -Development influences experiences, experiences influence development
Cohort Effect
- CORRECT ANSWER -Differences in groups due to growing up in a different era/time period
The Influence of Early Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -Early input from the world is not more important than input at any other
time
Nature vs Nurture
- CORRECT ANSWER -Out psychosis is affected by both our genes (nature) and our
environment (nurture)
Gene-Environment Interactions
- CORRECT ANSWER -Genes can intensify the behaviour we develop from our environment
Nature via Nurture
- CORRECT ANSWER -Our genetics drive us to find environments that suit us, giving the false
appearance of a pure environmental effect
,Gene expression
- CORRECT ANSWER -Some genes "turn on" only in certain situations
Proliferation
- CORRECT ANSWER -Period between 18 days and 6 months where babies develop neurons at
an incredible rate (up to 250K per minute)
Teratogens
- CORRECT ANSWER -Things that hinder prenatal development (smoking, alcohol, drugs,
chicken pox)
Motor Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -We're born with some motor functions (sucking, rooting), while others
develop over time (rate is affected by culture and physical maturity)
Physical Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -Adolescence: Puberty, sex changes, physical maturity
Adulthood: Physical/cognitive peak in early 20s
Stagelike vs Gradual Development
- CORRECT ANSWER -Stagelike development refers to sudden changes (stages), gradual
development refers to a slow (gradual) growth
Domain General vs Domain Specific
- CORRECT ANSWER -Domain-general suggests that we have a global knowledge structure,
domain-specific suggests that we have specialized knowledge structure
Principal Source of Learning
- CORRECT ANSWER -Emphasis on different learning sources (physical experience vs social
interaction vs biological maturation)
, Who is Jean Piaget?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Swiss psychologist who presented the first complete account of
cognitive development. Stage theorist who believed in domain-general development.
Piaget's Theory
- CORRECT ANSWER -Children assimilate knowledge in a stage, and hit a new stage when they
can't assimilate new information
Piaget's Stages
- CORRECT ANSWER -Sensorimotor: Birth to 2yrs, focus on here and now, lack object
permanence
Preoperational: 2-7yrs, can consiously construct memories, egocentric
Concrete operations: 7-11yrs, can perform mental operations for physical events
Formal operations: 11-adulthood, can understand reasoning beyond the here and now, can
understand logical concepts and abstract questions
Pros and Cons of Piaget's Theories
- CORRECT ANSWER -Pros: showed us that kids aren't just small adults, learning is not passive
Cons: children's competence was underestimated and methods were culturally biased
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Psychologist who developed theories on social and cultural influences on
cognitive development
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
- CORRECT ANSWER -The middle ground between what learners can and can't do (what they
can do with guidance)
