Ch. 1 Introduction to Statistics
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
1 Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Identify the population and the sample.
1) A survey of 1378 American households found that 27% of the households own a computer.
2) When 1094 American households were surveyed, it was found that 67% of them owned two cars.
3) A survey of 2625 elementary school children found that 28% of the children could be classified as obese.
2 Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.
4) A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 10,500 of its 175,000
graduates was $95,000.
5) The average salary of all assembly-line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $41,000..
6) A survey of 1162 students was taken from a university with 10,000 students.
3 Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
7) The average age of the students in a statistics class is 19 years.
A) descriptive statistics B) inferential statistics
8) The chances of winning the California Lottery are one chance in twenty-two million.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
9) There is a relationship between smoking cigarettes and getting emphysema.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
10) From past figures, it is predicted that 19% of the registered voters in California will vote in the June primary.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
11) Based on previous clients, a marriage counselor concludes that the majority of marriages that begin with
cohabitation before marriage will result in divorce.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
4 Concepts
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
12) Explain the difference between a sample and a population.
13) If you had to do a statistical study, would you use a sample or a population? Why?
Page 1
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,1.2 Data Classification
1 Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
1) the colors of automobiles on a used car lot
A) qualitative B) quantitative
2) the number of complaint letters received by the United States Postal Service in a given day
A) quantitative B) qualitative
3) the number of seats in a movie theater
A) quantitative B) qualitative
4) the numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team
A) qualitative B) quantitative
2 Classify Data with Respect to the Four Levels of Measurement
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
5) hair color of women on a high school tennis team
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
6) numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
7) ages of students in a statistic class
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
8) temperatures of 12 selected refrigerators
A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio
9) number of milligrams of tar in 85 cigarettes
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
10) number of pages in your statistics book
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
11) marriage status (married, single, or divorced) of the faculty at the University of Colorado
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
12) list of 1202 social security numbers
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
13) the ratings of a movie ranging from ʺpoorʺ to ʺgoodʺ to ʺexcellentʺ
A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio
14) the final grades (A, B, C, D, and F) for students in a statistics class
A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio
15) the annual salaries for all teachers in California
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
Page 2
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,16) list of zip codes for Chicago
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
17) the nationalities listed in a recent survey (for example, Asian, European, or Hispanic).
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
18) the amounts of fat (in grams) in 52 cookies
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
19) the years the summer Olympics were held in the United States
A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio
20) numbers of touchdowns scored by a major university in five randomly selected games
5 3 1 2 4
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
21) the average daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) on five randomly selected days
35 24 30 31 34
A) interval B) nominal C) ordinal D) ratio
22) manuscripts rated ʺacceptableʺ or ʺunacceptableʺ
A) ordinal B) nominal C) ratio D) interval
23) the lengths (in minutes) of the top ten movies with respect to ticket sales in 2007
A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
24) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph
A) nominal B) interval C) ordinal D) ratio
Page 3
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 25) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph
A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
3 Concepts
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
26) Explain the differences between the interval and ratio levels of measurement.
27) Explain why data expressed with the Celsius temperature scale is at the interval level of measurement rather
than the ratio level.
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design
1 Decide on Methods of Data Collection
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Decide which method of data collection you would use to collect data for the study. Specify either observational
study, experiment, simulation, or survey.
1) A study where a drug was given to 23 patients and a placebo to another group of 23 patients to determine if the
drug has an effect on a patientʹs illness
A) experiment B) simulation
C) survey D) observational study
2) A study of the salaries of college professors in a particular state
A) survey B) simulation
C) experiment D) observational study
3) A study where a political pollster wishes to determine if his candidate is leading in the polls
A) observational study B) simulation
C) experiment D) survey
4) A study where you would like to determine the chance getting three girls in a family of three children
A) simulation B) survey
C) experiment D) observational study
5) A study to evaluate the success of a new experimental procedure performed on 35 patients at one hospital
A) census B) simulation
C) experiment D) observational study
Page 4
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
1 Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Identify the population and the sample.
1) A survey of 1378 American households found that 27% of the households own a computer.
2) When 1094 American households were surveyed, it was found that 67% of them owned two cars.
3) A survey of 2625 elementary school children found that 28% of the children could be classified as obese.
2 Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.
4) A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 10,500 of its 175,000
graduates was $95,000.
5) The average salary of all assembly-line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $41,000..
6) A survey of 1162 students was taken from a university with 10,000 students.
3 Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
7) The average age of the students in a statistics class is 19 years.
A) descriptive statistics B) inferential statistics
8) The chances of winning the California Lottery are one chance in twenty-two million.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
9) There is a relationship between smoking cigarettes and getting emphysema.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
10) From past figures, it is predicted that 19% of the registered voters in California will vote in the June primary.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
11) Based on previous clients, a marriage counselor concludes that the majority of marriages that begin with
cohabitation before marriage will result in divorce.
A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics
4 Concepts
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
12) Explain the difference between a sample and a population.
13) If you had to do a statistical study, would you use a sample or a population? Why?
Page 1
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
,1.2 Data Classification
1 Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
1) the colors of automobiles on a used car lot
A) qualitative B) quantitative
2) the number of complaint letters received by the United States Postal Service in a given day
A) quantitative B) qualitative
3) the number of seats in a movie theater
A) quantitative B) qualitative
4) the numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team
A) qualitative B) quantitative
2 Classify Data with Respect to the Four Levels of Measurement
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
5) hair color of women on a high school tennis team
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
6) numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
7) ages of students in a statistic class
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
8) temperatures of 12 selected refrigerators
A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio
9) number of milligrams of tar in 85 cigarettes
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
10) number of pages in your statistics book
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
11) marriage status (married, single, or divorced) of the faculty at the University of Colorado
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
12) list of 1202 social security numbers
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
13) the ratings of a movie ranging from ʺpoorʺ to ʺgoodʺ to ʺexcellentʺ
A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio
14) the final grades (A, B, C, D, and F) for students in a statistics class
A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio
15) the annual salaries for all teachers in California
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
Page 2
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
,16) list of zip codes for Chicago
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
17) the nationalities listed in a recent survey (for example, Asian, European, or Hispanic).
A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio
18) the amounts of fat (in grams) in 52 cookies
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
19) the years the summer Olympics were held in the United States
A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio
20) numbers of touchdowns scored by a major university in five randomly selected games
5 3 1 2 4
A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal
21) the average daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) on five randomly selected days
35 24 30 31 34
A) interval B) nominal C) ordinal D) ratio
22) manuscripts rated ʺacceptableʺ or ʺunacceptableʺ
A) ordinal B) nominal C) ratio D) interval
23) the lengths (in minutes) of the top ten movies with respect to ticket sales in 2007
A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
24) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph
A) nominal B) interval C) ordinal D) ratio
Page 3
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 25) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph
A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
3 Concepts
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
26) Explain the differences between the interval and ratio levels of measurement.
27) Explain why data expressed with the Celsius temperature scale is at the interval level of measurement rather
than the ratio level.
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design
1 Decide on Methods of Data Collection
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Decide which method of data collection you would use to collect data for the study. Specify either observational
study, experiment, simulation, or survey.
1) A study where a drug was given to 23 patients and a placebo to another group of 23 patients to determine if the
drug has an effect on a patientʹs illness
A) experiment B) simulation
C) survey D) observational study
2) A study of the salaries of college professors in a particular state
A) survey B) simulation
C) experiment D) observational study
3) A study where a political pollster wishes to determine if his candidate is leading in the polls
A) observational study B) simulation
C) experiment D) survey
4) A study where you would like to determine the chance getting three girls in a family of three children
A) simulation B) survey
C) experiment D) observational study
5) A study to evaluate the success of a new experimental procedure performed on 35 patients at one hospital
A) census B) simulation
C) experiment D) observational study
Page 4
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
