PSY 352 EXAMS EVALUATION 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔What is the person-situation debate? - ✔✔A discussion on whether personality traits
or situational factors are more influential in determining behavior.
✔✔What are the three parts of the situationist argument in the person-situation debate?
- ✔✔1) Personality traits are not consistent across situations.
2) Situations are more predictive of behavior;
3) Personality assessments have low validity.
✔✔What is interactionism in personality psychology? - ✔✔The theory that both
personality traits and situational factors interact to influence behavior.
✔✔What are the three trait approaches in personality psychology? - ✔✔Single-trait,
many-trait, and essential-trait approaches.
✔✔What is the California Q-Set? - ✔✔A method used in the many-trait approach that
assesses personality traits and their relationships.
✔✔How were the Big Five personality traits discovered? - ✔✔Through the lexical
hypothesis and factor analytic approach.
✔✔What are the Big Five personality traits? - ✔✔Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN or CANOE).
✔✔What does a high score in Extraversion indicate? - ✔✔Traits such as sociability,
assertiveness, and energy.
✔✔What is the relationship between personality traits and morning-evening preference?
- ✔✔Certain traits, like Extraversion, are consistently related to preferences for morning
or evening activities.
✔✔What geographical differences exist in the Big Five personality traits across the
United States? - ✔✔Different regions exhibit varying average scores on the Big Five
traits, influencing behaviors and preferences.
✔✔How do 'dog people' and 'cat people' differ on the Big Five personality traits? -
✔✔Research suggests that dog people tend to score higher on traits like Extraversion
and Agreeableness.
✔✔What is the type approach in personality psychology? - ✔✔An approach that
categorizes individuals into distinct personality types, which has been criticized for
oversimplifying personality.
, ✔✔What are true-keyed versus false-keyed items in personality tests? - ✔✔True-keyed
items are positively correlated with the trait being measured, while false-keyed items are
negatively correlated.
✔✔What is the significance of the BFI-2 in measuring the Big Five traits? - ✔✔The BFI-
2 includes facets that provide detailed insights into each of the Big Five personality
domains.
✔✔What does research suggest about word use and the Big Five personality traits? -
✔✔People's language reflects their personality traits; for example, high Neuroticism is
associated with more negative emotion words.
✔✔S- data: self reports - ✔✔Self-report/ Just ask
✔✔I- data : Informant data - ✔✔Find somebody who knows, ask someone who is
acquainted with the person to describe what he/she is like
✔✔L - data: Life outcomes - ✔✔The residue of personality, facts about a persons life
that may reveal somethin abt their personality
✔✔B- data: behavioral data - ✔✔what a person does/ say
✔✔What is an advantage of informant data regarding access to information? -
✔✔Informants have access to a large amount of information about the person they are
rating.
✔✔How are informant reports based on real-world behavior? - ✔✔Informant reports are
based on real-world behavior.
✔✔Why can some informant reports be considered accurate by definition? - ✔✔Our
standing on some traits (likeability) depends on what others think of us.
✔✔What is a casual force in the context of informant data? - ✔✔Casual force refers to
the influence of informant perceptions on behavior.
✔✔What is a disadvantage of informant reports related to behavioral consistency? -
✔✔Informant reports will be less accurate if the person the informant is judging is low in
behavioral consistency.
✔✔What private aspects do informants lack access to? - ✔✔Informants lack access to
the private aspects of the person they are rating.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔What is the person-situation debate? - ✔✔A discussion on whether personality traits
or situational factors are more influential in determining behavior.
✔✔What are the three parts of the situationist argument in the person-situation debate?
- ✔✔1) Personality traits are not consistent across situations.
2) Situations are more predictive of behavior;
3) Personality assessments have low validity.
✔✔What is interactionism in personality psychology? - ✔✔The theory that both
personality traits and situational factors interact to influence behavior.
✔✔What are the three trait approaches in personality psychology? - ✔✔Single-trait,
many-trait, and essential-trait approaches.
✔✔What is the California Q-Set? - ✔✔A method used in the many-trait approach that
assesses personality traits and their relationships.
✔✔How were the Big Five personality traits discovered? - ✔✔Through the lexical
hypothesis and factor analytic approach.
✔✔What are the Big Five personality traits? - ✔✔Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN or CANOE).
✔✔What does a high score in Extraversion indicate? - ✔✔Traits such as sociability,
assertiveness, and energy.
✔✔What is the relationship between personality traits and morning-evening preference?
- ✔✔Certain traits, like Extraversion, are consistently related to preferences for morning
or evening activities.
✔✔What geographical differences exist in the Big Five personality traits across the
United States? - ✔✔Different regions exhibit varying average scores on the Big Five
traits, influencing behaviors and preferences.
✔✔How do 'dog people' and 'cat people' differ on the Big Five personality traits? -
✔✔Research suggests that dog people tend to score higher on traits like Extraversion
and Agreeableness.
✔✔What is the type approach in personality psychology? - ✔✔An approach that
categorizes individuals into distinct personality types, which has been criticized for
oversimplifying personality.
, ✔✔What are true-keyed versus false-keyed items in personality tests? - ✔✔True-keyed
items are positively correlated with the trait being measured, while false-keyed items are
negatively correlated.
✔✔What is the significance of the BFI-2 in measuring the Big Five traits? - ✔✔The BFI-
2 includes facets that provide detailed insights into each of the Big Five personality
domains.
✔✔What does research suggest about word use and the Big Five personality traits? -
✔✔People's language reflects their personality traits; for example, high Neuroticism is
associated with more negative emotion words.
✔✔S- data: self reports - ✔✔Self-report/ Just ask
✔✔I- data : Informant data - ✔✔Find somebody who knows, ask someone who is
acquainted with the person to describe what he/she is like
✔✔L - data: Life outcomes - ✔✔The residue of personality, facts about a persons life
that may reveal somethin abt their personality
✔✔B- data: behavioral data - ✔✔what a person does/ say
✔✔What is an advantage of informant data regarding access to information? -
✔✔Informants have access to a large amount of information about the person they are
rating.
✔✔How are informant reports based on real-world behavior? - ✔✔Informant reports are
based on real-world behavior.
✔✔Why can some informant reports be considered accurate by definition? - ✔✔Our
standing on some traits (likeability) depends on what others think of us.
✔✔What is a casual force in the context of informant data? - ✔✔Casual force refers to
the influence of informant perceptions on behavior.
✔✔What is a disadvantage of informant reports related to behavioral consistency? -
✔✔Informant reports will be less accurate if the person the informant is judging is low in
behavioral consistency.
✔✔What private aspects do informants lack access to? - ✔✔Informants lack access to
the private aspects of the person they are rating.
