Global Health Nursing
Comprehensive Quiz Guide: Verified Questions with 100% correct
Answers
Section 1: Foundations of Global Health (Questions 1-20)
1. What is global health?
• Answer: Area of study, research, and practice prioritizing improvement of
health and achieving health equity for all people worldwide. Emphasizes
transnational health issues, determinants, solutions requiring cooperation
beyond national boundaries. Focuses on populations rather than
individuals. Differs from international health (between countries) and public
health (within country). Goal: health for all, reducing disparities.
2. What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
• Answer: United Nations' 17 interconnected global goals adopted in 2015 to
achieve better future by 2030. Health-related: SDG 3 (Good Health and
Well-being), but health influenced by all goals (poverty, hunger, education,
water, sanitation, gender equality, climate). Replaced Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). Include 169 targets, 231 indicators. Framework
for global development, partnership, accountability.
3. What is SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being?
• Answer: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Targets include: reduce maternal mortality to <70 per 100,000, end
preventable newborn/child deaths, end AIDS/TB/malaria/neglected tropical
diseases, reduce non-communicable diseases 1/3, prevent substance abuse,
halve road traffic deaths, achieve universal health coverage, reduce
pollution deaths. Progress varies globally.
4. What is the World Health Organization (WHO)?
, • Answer: United Nations specialized agency for international public health,
established 1948. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland. Functions: set health
standards, provide technical assistance, monitor health trends, coordinate
responses to health emergencies, conduct research, advocate for universal
health coverage. Constitution declares health as fundamental human right.
194 member states. Director-General leads.
5. What are the social determinants of health?
• Answer: Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
affecting health outcomes. Include: economic stability, education,
healthcare access, neighborhood/built environment, social/community
context. Shaped by distribution of money, power, resources. Explain health
inequities between and within countries. Addressing social determinants
essential for health equity. WHO Commission emphasized importance.
6. What is health equity?
• Answer: Absence of unfair, avoidable, or remediable differences in health
among population groups defined socially, economically, demographically,
or geographically. Everyone has fair opportunity to attain full health
potential; no one disadvantaged. Different from health equality (everyone
receives same). Requires addressing social determinants, structural barriers,
discrimination, power imbalances. Central goal of global health.
7. What is the epidemiologic transition?
• Answer: Shift in disease patterns as countries develop: from infectious
diseases (high mortality, young deaths) to chronic non-communicable
diseases (NCDs like heart disease, cancer, diabetes). Stages: Age of
Pestilence and Famine, Age of Receding Pandemics, Age of Degenerative
and Man-Made Diseases. Many low-income countries face double burden:
infectious diseases AND rising NCDs. Influences health system needs.
8. What is the demographic transition?
, • Answer: Shift from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates as
society develops. Stages: High stationary (high both), Early expanding
(declining death, high birth = rapid growth), Late expanding (declining
birth), Low stationary (low both). Results in aging populations. Affects:
healthcare needs, dependency ratios, workforce, social services. Most
developed nations in late stages; many developing nations in middle stages.
9. What is the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study?
• Answer: Comprehensive effort to measure disease burden worldwide.
Quantifies health loss from diseases, injuries, risk factors by age, sex,
location, time. Measures: deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs),
Years of Life Lost (YLL), Years Lived with Disability (YLD). Led by Institute for
Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Updated regularly. Informs priorities,
resource allocation, policy. Shows global health trends.
10. What are Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)?
• Answer: Measure of overall disease burden: sum of years of life lost due to
premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). One DALY =
one lost year of healthy life. Allows comparison of disease burden across
conditions and populations. Example: malaria causes X DALYs per 100,000
population. Used for priority setting, resource allocation. Leading causes
globally: ischemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections.
11. What is universal health coverage (UHC)?
• Answer: All people receive quality health services they need without
financial hardship. Three dimensions: population coverage (who), service
coverage (which services), financial protection (what proportion of costs
covered). Not just insurance - includes health promotion, prevention,
treatment, rehabilitation, palliative care. WHO/World Bank goal. Requires:
sufficient health workforce, facilities, financing, information systems.
Essential for SDG 3.
12. What are out-of-pocket health expenditures?
Comprehensive Quiz Guide: Verified Questions with 100% correct
Answers
Section 1: Foundations of Global Health (Questions 1-20)
1. What is global health?
• Answer: Area of study, research, and practice prioritizing improvement of
health and achieving health equity for all people worldwide. Emphasizes
transnational health issues, determinants, solutions requiring cooperation
beyond national boundaries. Focuses on populations rather than
individuals. Differs from international health (between countries) and public
health (within country). Goal: health for all, reducing disparities.
2. What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
• Answer: United Nations' 17 interconnected global goals adopted in 2015 to
achieve better future by 2030. Health-related: SDG 3 (Good Health and
Well-being), but health influenced by all goals (poverty, hunger, education,
water, sanitation, gender equality, climate). Replaced Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). Include 169 targets, 231 indicators. Framework
for global development, partnership, accountability.
3. What is SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being?
• Answer: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Targets include: reduce maternal mortality to <70 per 100,000, end
preventable newborn/child deaths, end AIDS/TB/malaria/neglected tropical
diseases, reduce non-communicable diseases 1/3, prevent substance abuse,
halve road traffic deaths, achieve universal health coverage, reduce
pollution deaths. Progress varies globally.
4. What is the World Health Organization (WHO)?
, • Answer: United Nations specialized agency for international public health,
established 1948. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland. Functions: set health
standards, provide technical assistance, monitor health trends, coordinate
responses to health emergencies, conduct research, advocate for universal
health coverage. Constitution declares health as fundamental human right.
194 member states. Director-General leads.
5. What are the social determinants of health?
• Answer: Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
affecting health outcomes. Include: economic stability, education,
healthcare access, neighborhood/built environment, social/community
context. Shaped by distribution of money, power, resources. Explain health
inequities between and within countries. Addressing social determinants
essential for health equity. WHO Commission emphasized importance.
6. What is health equity?
• Answer: Absence of unfair, avoidable, or remediable differences in health
among population groups defined socially, economically, demographically,
or geographically. Everyone has fair opportunity to attain full health
potential; no one disadvantaged. Different from health equality (everyone
receives same). Requires addressing social determinants, structural barriers,
discrimination, power imbalances. Central goal of global health.
7. What is the epidemiologic transition?
• Answer: Shift in disease patterns as countries develop: from infectious
diseases (high mortality, young deaths) to chronic non-communicable
diseases (NCDs like heart disease, cancer, diabetes). Stages: Age of
Pestilence and Famine, Age of Receding Pandemics, Age of Degenerative
and Man-Made Diseases. Many low-income countries face double burden:
infectious diseases AND rising NCDs. Influences health system needs.
8. What is the demographic transition?
, • Answer: Shift from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates as
society develops. Stages: High stationary (high both), Early expanding
(declining death, high birth = rapid growth), Late expanding (declining
birth), Low stationary (low both). Results in aging populations. Affects:
healthcare needs, dependency ratios, workforce, social services. Most
developed nations in late stages; many developing nations in middle stages.
9. What is the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study?
• Answer: Comprehensive effort to measure disease burden worldwide.
Quantifies health loss from diseases, injuries, risk factors by age, sex,
location, time. Measures: deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs),
Years of Life Lost (YLL), Years Lived with Disability (YLD). Led by Institute for
Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Updated regularly. Informs priorities,
resource allocation, policy. Shows global health trends.
10. What are Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)?
• Answer: Measure of overall disease burden: sum of years of life lost due to
premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). One DALY =
one lost year of healthy life. Allows comparison of disease burden across
conditions and populations. Example: malaria causes X DALYs per 100,000
population. Used for priority setting, resource allocation. Leading causes
globally: ischemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections.
11. What is universal health coverage (UHC)?
• Answer: All people receive quality health services they need without
financial hardship. Three dimensions: population coverage (who), service
coverage (which services), financial protection (what proportion of costs
covered). Not just insurance - includes health promotion, prevention,
treatment, rehabilitation, palliative care. WHO/World Bank goal. Requires:
sufficient health workforce, facilities, financing, information systems.
Essential for SDG 3.
12. What are out-of-pocket health expenditures?
