NS 1410 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
Macronutrients include... - ANS Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat (lipid)
Water
Provide energy, maintain and repair body tissue, support growth of new body tissue
Caloric value of energy from each nutrient (kcal/g) - ANS Carbohydrates = 4 kcal/g
Fat = 9 kcal/g
Protein = 4 kcal/g
Alcohol = 7 kcal/g
Classification of Fat soluble vitamins - ANS Vitamins A, D, E, K
- Soluble in fat
- Stored in the human body
- Toxicity can occur from consuming excess amounts which can accumulate in the body
Classification of water soluble vitamins - ANS Vitamins C abd B-vitamins (8)
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,- Soluble in water
- Not stored to any extent in the body
- Excess excreted in urine
- Toxicity generally only occurs as a result of vitamin supplements
Function of water - ANS A component of almost every body tissue that participates in
metabolic reactions and a medium transport to and from the cell
RDA: What is it and what does it stand for? - ANS "Recommended Dietary Allowance"
Used for measuring healthy people's energy and nutrient intakes
The average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of most healthy people in
a particular life stage and gender category
*For healthy people only*
Uses of the RDA - ANS - To plan and evaluate diets of populations
- Estimate risk of deficiencies over time
- Determine the adequacy of diets in surveys
- Establish guidelines for food assistance programs
- Guidelines for food labeling
- To develop new food products
AMDR - ANS Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
AMDR for Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein - ANS Carbohydrate = 45-65%
Fat = 20-35%
Protein = 10-35%
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Trust-worthy nutrition experts - ANS Reliable experts have education and credentials such
as:
- **Registered Dietician/Nutritionist (RD)**
- Licensed dietician
- Professionals with advance degree (MA, MS, PhD)
- Medical doctor/physician
A healthful diet is... - ANS Adequate
Moderate
Balanced
Varied
Guidelines for making health claims
Two columns: FDA category and required disclaimer - ANS (A) High: significant scientific
agreement - no disclaimer needed
(B) Moderate: Evidence is not conclusive - "although there is scientific evidence supporting this
claim, the evidence is not conclusive"
(C) Low: Evidence is limited and not conclusive - "Some scientific evidence suggests...however,
the FDA has determines that this evidence is limited and not conclusive"
(D) Extremely Low: Little scientific evidence supporting this claim - "Very limited and
preliminary scientific research suggests...FDA concludes there is little scientific evidence
supporting this claim
Which foods are voluntary when is comes to labels? - ANS Fresh fruits
vegetables
raw single ingredient meat
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, poultry
fish
Which foods require a label? - ANS Nearly all packaged foods and processed meat products
Parts of the GI tract and GI system - ANS Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small and large intestine
Rectum or anus
Sphincters
Major site of absorption - ANS Small intestines
Passive diffusion - ANS nutrients simply cross into the enterocytes without the use of a
carrier or energy
Facilitated diffusion - ANS required a carrier protein, but no energy, and is driven by a
concentration gradient
Active transport - ANS requires energy and a protein carrier to transport nutrients
Digestive disorder: Heartburn - ANS Caused by hydrochloric acid in the esophagus
Digestive disorder: GERD - ANS Gastroesophageal reflux disease - painful, persistent
heartburn
Treatment:
- Lose weight
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
Macronutrients include... - ANS Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat (lipid)
Water
Provide energy, maintain and repair body tissue, support growth of new body tissue
Caloric value of energy from each nutrient (kcal/g) - ANS Carbohydrates = 4 kcal/g
Fat = 9 kcal/g
Protein = 4 kcal/g
Alcohol = 7 kcal/g
Classification of Fat soluble vitamins - ANS Vitamins A, D, E, K
- Soluble in fat
- Stored in the human body
- Toxicity can occur from consuming excess amounts which can accumulate in the body
Classification of water soluble vitamins - ANS Vitamins C abd B-vitamins (8)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,- Soluble in water
- Not stored to any extent in the body
- Excess excreted in urine
- Toxicity generally only occurs as a result of vitamin supplements
Function of water - ANS A component of almost every body tissue that participates in
metabolic reactions and a medium transport to and from the cell
RDA: What is it and what does it stand for? - ANS "Recommended Dietary Allowance"
Used for measuring healthy people's energy and nutrient intakes
The average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of most healthy people in
a particular life stage and gender category
*For healthy people only*
Uses of the RDA - ANS - To plan and evaluate diets of populations
- Estimate risk of deficiencies over time
- Determine the adequacy of diets in surveys
- Establish guidelines for food assistance programs
- Guidelines for food labeling
- To develop new food products
AMDR - ANS Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
AMDR for Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein - ANS Carbohydrate = 45-65%
Fat = 20-35%
Protein = 10-35%
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Trust-worthy nutrition experts - ANS Reliable experts have education and credentials such
as:
- **Registered Dietician/Nutritionist (RD)**
- Licensed dietician
- Professionals with advance degree (MA, MS, PhD)
- Medical doctor/physician
A healthful diet is... - ANS Adequate
Moderate
Balanced
Varied
Guidelines for making health claims
Two columns: FDA category and required disclaimer - ANS (A) High: significant scientific
agreement - no disclaimer needed
(B) Moderate: Evidence is not conclusive - "although there is scientific evidence supporting this
claim, the evidence is not conclusive"
(C) Low: Evidence is limited and not conclusive - "Some scientific evidence suggests...however,
the FDA has determines that this evidence is limited and not conclusive"
(D) Extremely Low: Little scientific evidence supporting this claim - "Very limited and
preliminary scientific research suggests...FDA concludes there is little scientific evidence
supporting this claim
Which foods are voluntary when is comes to labels? - ANS Fresh fruits
vegetables
raw single ingredient meat
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, poultry
fish
Which foods require a label? - ANS Nearly all packaged foods and processed meat products
Parts of the GI tract and GI system - ANS Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small and large intestine
Rectum or anus
Sphincters
Major site of absorption - ANS Small intestines
Passive diffusion - ANS nutrients simply cross into the enterocytes without the use of a
carrier or energy
Facilitated diffusion - ANS required a carrier protein, but no energy, and is driven by a
concentration gradient
Active transport - ANS requires energy and a protein carrier to transport nutrients
Digestive disorder: Heartburn - ANS Caused by hydrochloric acid in the esophagus
Digestive disorder: GERD - ANS Gastroesophageal reflux disease - painful, persistent
heartburn
Treatment:
- Lose weight
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
