GOVT 2305 Chapter 2 Terminology
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1. Articles of Confederation: Original governing document of the United States which gave considerable
power to the states and little to the central government
2. Shay's Rebellion: An uprising of farmers angered by the debt collection practices; Helped catalyze movement
for a new constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation
3. Virginia Plan: Plan to divide the national government into three branches and two houses of Congress;
Representation in each house would be proportional to population
4. New Jersey Plan: Plan that builds on the Virginia plan to have proportional representation of each state in
the House of Representatives and equal state representation in the Senate
5. Ratification: Process by which the states, and its citizens, gave their consent to be governed by the new
Constitution
6. Federalist Papers: A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail
7. Federalists: Early political party that favored more power for the federal government
8. Anti-Federalists: People who opposed ratification of the new Constitution out of concern that it would
centralize power; Led to the incorporation of the Bill of Rights into the Constitution
9. Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the Constitution; Enforce mainly individual rights
10. Enumerated Powers: Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to
collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war (Article I, Section 8)
11. Police (Reserved) Powers: Powers held by the states; Right to regulate for the health, safety, welfare,
and morals of citizens
12. McCulloch vs. Maryland: 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that Congress has the authority
to create a national bank by interpreting the Necessary and Proper Clause broadly
13. Necessary and Proper Clause: Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth
the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws
necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government
14. U.S Constitution: A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United
States is governed.; Contains a Preamble, seven articles, and 27 amendments that describe the governmental structure
and how it operates; "Ultimate law of the land"
15. Article I: The longest part of the Constitution that describes the legislative branch; Establishes two houses of
Congress: the HOR and Senate
16. Legislative Branch: Makes laws, approves presidential appointments, elects two senators from each state;
Number of congresspeople is based on the population
1/3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2edaz
1. Articles of Confederation: Original governing document of the United States which gave considerable
power to the states and little to the central government
2. Shay's Rebellion: An uprising of farmers angered by the debt collection practices; Helped catalyze movement
for a new constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation
3. Virginia Plan: Plan to divide the national government into three branches and two houses of Congress;
Representation in each house would be proportional to population
4. New Jersey Plan: Plan that builds on the Virginia plan to have proportional representation of each state in
the House of Representatives and equal state representation in the Senate
5. Ratification: Process by which the states, and its citizens, gave their consent to be governed by the new
Constitution
6. Federalist Papers: A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail
7. Federalists: Early political party that favored more power for the federal government
8. Anti-Federalists: People who opposed ratification of the new Constitution out of concern that it would
centralize power; Led to the incorporation of the Bill of Rights into the Constitution
9. Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the Constitution; Enforce mainly individual rights
10. Enumerated Powers: Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to
collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war (Article I, Section 8)
11. Police (Reserved) Powers: Powers held by the states; Right to regulate for the health, safety, welfare,
and morals of citizens
12. McCulloch vs. Maryland: 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that Congress has the authority
to create a national bank by interpreting the Necessary and Proper Clause broadly
13. Necessary and Proper Clause: Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth
the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws
necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government
14. U.S Constitution: A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United
States is governed.; Contains a Preamble, seven articles, and 27 amendments that describe the governmental structure
and how it operates; "Ultimate law of the land"
15. Article I: The longest part of the Constitution that describes the legislative branch; Establishes two houses of
Congress: the HOR and Senate
16. Legislative Branch: Makes laws, approves presidential appointments, elects two senators from each state;
Number of congresspeople is based on the population
1/3
