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1. Learning science integrates multiple disciplines to understand how individuals acquire and
apply knowledge. Which best summarizes its core focus?
A. Observing classroom behavior only
B. Understanding how people learn, think, and remember
C. Measuring academic performance through testing
D. Identifying individual personality differences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Learning science combines principles from psychology, neuroscience, and education
to explain how learning occurs and how environments can be structured to optimize it.
2. When a teacher encourages students to work in small groups to explore real-world
problems and share perspectives, which theory of learning is most evident?
A. Behaviorism
B. Cognitivism
C. Constructivism
D. Humanism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Constructivism suggests that learners actively build understanding through
experience, collaboration, and reflection rather than passive memorization.
3. A student receives verbal praise and additional participation points after correctly
answering a question in class. This example illustrates which concept in behaviorist learning
theory?
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Classical conditioning
D. Punishment
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Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positive reinforcement strengthens behavior by rewarding desired actions, a central
concept in Skinner’s operant conditioning model.
4. According to Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), effective learning
occurs when:
A. Learners work only on tasks they can do independently without support.
B. Learners are challenged just beyond their current abilities with guidance.
C. Tasks are far beyond the learner’s capacity and lead to frustration.
D. Instruction focuses on memorization and repetition.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ZPD emphasizes learning through scaffolded support—students achieve more
when guided by a teacher or peer until they can perform independently.
5. When a teacher demonstrates a skill and students imitate the behavior, which learning
principle from Bandura’s theory is being utilized?
A. Classical conditioning
B. Observational learning
C. Constructivist engagement
D. Operant conditioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bandura’s social learning theory highlights learning through observing and modeling
others’ behaviors, emphasizing attention, retention, and imitation.
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6. Cognitive load theory warns educators that learning suffers when:
A. Tasks are too easy and repetitive.
B. The brain is overloaded with extraneous information.
C. Learners receive consistent feedback.
D. Motivation levels are high.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive load theory explains that excessive or irrelevant information can
overwhelm working memory, hindering processing and retention.
7. A student uses flashcards, practice tests, and self-explanations to prepare for an exam.
These strategies demonstrate which cognitive process?
A. Metacognition
B. Social learning
C. Behavior modification
D. Classical conditioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metacognition involves awareness and regulation of one’s own learning processes—
planning, monitoring, and evaluating understanding.
8. Which scenario best reflects constructivist teaching practices?
A. Lecturing with slides and note-taking
B. Students memorizing definitions from a textbook
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1. Learning science integrates multiple disciplines to understand how individuals acquire and
apply knowledge. Which best summarizes its core focus?
A. Observing classroom behavior only
B. Understanding how people learn, think, and remember
C. Measuring academic performance through testing
D. Identifying individual personality differences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Learning science combines principles from psychology, neuroscience, and education
to explain how learning occurs and how environments can be structured to optimize it.
2. When a teacher encourages students to work in small groups to explore real-world
problems and share perspectives, which theory of learning is most evident?
A. Behaviorism
B. Cognitivism
C. Constructivism
D. Humanism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Constructivism suggests that learners actively build understanding through
experience, collaboration, and reflection rather than passive memorization.
3. A student receives verbal praise and additional participation points after correctly
answering a question in class. This example illustrates which concept in behaviorist learning
theory?
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Classical conditioning
D. Punishment
, 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positive reinforcement strengthens behavior by rewarding desired actions, a central
concept in Skinner’s operant conditioning model.
4. According to Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), effective learning
occurs when:
A. Learners work only on tasks they can do independently without support.
B. Learners are challenged just beyond their current abilities with guidance.
C. Tasks are far beyond the learner’s capacity and lead to frustration.
D. Instruction focuses on memorization and repetition.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ZPD emphasizes learning through scaffolded support—students achieve more
when guided by a teacher or peer until they can perform independently.
5. When a teacher demonstrates a skill and students imitate the behavior, which learning
principle from Bandura’s theory is being utilized?
A. Classical conditioning
B. Observational learning
C. Constructivist engagement
D. Operant conditioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bandura’s social learning theory highlights learning through observing and modeling
others’ behaviors, emphasizing attention, retention, and imitation.
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6. Cognitive load theory warns educators that learning suffers when:
A. Tasks are too easy and repetitive.
B. The brain is overloaded with extraneous information.
C. Learners receive consistent feedback.
D. Motivation levels are high.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive load theory explains that excessive or irrelevant information can
overwhelm working memory, hindering processing and retention.
7. A student uses flashcards, practice tests, and self-explanations to prepare for an exam.
These strategies demonstrate which cognitive process?
A. Metacognition
B. Social learning
C. Behavior modification
D. Classical conditioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metacognition involves awareness and regulation of one’s own learning processes—
planning, monitoring, and evaluating understanding.
8. Which scenario best reflects constructivist teaching practices?
A. Lecturing with slides and note-taking
B. Students memorizing definitions from a textbook
