APHY 101 – Comprehensive Final Exam Study
Guide | Verified Questions and Detailed
Answers | 100% Correct | Graded A+
1. Name the five primary taste sensations - ANSWER Umami, Sweet, Sour,
Salty, Bitter
2. Why don't taste receptors diminish with age? - ANSWER taste cells are
modified epithelial cells and divide continually
3. What are the parts of the outer ears? - ANSWER auricle and the external
auditory meatus
4. What are the parts of the middle ears? - ANSWER The middle ear begins
with the tympanic membrane, which is an air-filled space housing the
auditory ossicles. Three auditory ossicles are the malleus, incus, and stapes.
5. Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?
The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective
tissue.
The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
Fenestrations (openings) are present in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
- ANSWER The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and
involuntarily.
6. What is the basic unit of function and structure in the human body?
Tissue
Atom
Cell - ANSWER Cell
7. The human body gains energy by _________ food, via the mouth. Food is
then broken down to basic chemicals through the process of _______ In the
small intestine, the chemicals from food enter the body. This process is
called _____. These chemicals are then transported by the blood to the cells
of the body in a process called ______ . The cells will use these chemicals,
1
, along with oxygen, to gain energy in a process known as respiration
_______. Some cells will use these chemicals to build new and more
complex chemicals. Not all substances taken into the body are used. The
body can rid itself of unabsorbed materials and waste produced by metabolic
reactions in a process called _____ - ANSWER 1. ingesting 2. digestion 3.
absorption 4. circulation 5. respiration 6. excretion
8. The knee is __________ to the ankle. - ANSWER proximal (or superior)
9. What organ system would include the thyroid gland and pancreas? -
ANSWER Endocrine system
10.The serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity is called
the __________. The membrane that covers the surface of the
abdominopelvic organs is called the __________. - ANSWER parietal
peritoneum; visceral peritoneum
11.During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases. The runner
responds by perspiring (sweating), which lowers body temperature. This
process is an example of a __________. - ANSWER negative feedback
mechanism
12.What organ system is responsible for coordination and integration of bodily
functions as well as detecting changes inside and outside the body? -
ANSWER Nervous system
13.The physiological events that obtain, release, and use energy are defined as
__________. - ANSWER metabolism
14.The lungs are __________ to the heart. - ANSWER lateral (away from the
midline)
15.Glucose and glycogen are examples of what group of organic compounds? -
ANSWER Carbohydrates
16.A cation is formed when an atom __________ an electron. - ANSWER loses
17.Which of the following is a decomposition reaction? - ANSWER HCl → H+
+ Cl-
2
,18.Match the general functions with the correct type of organic compound.
Functions: Cell membrane structure; energy storage
Cell membrane structure; energy storage
Genetic information
Cellular fuel
Enzymes, transporters, structural components - ANSWER 1. Lipids 2.
Nucleic acids 3. Glucose 4. Proteins
19.What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by
two atoms in a molecule? - ANSWER Covalent bond
20.The primary type of chemical reaction involved in the digestion of a meal by
the digestive system is a(n) __________. - ANSWER decomposition
reaction
21.What type of substance works to resist changes in the pH of a solution? -
ANSWER Buffer
22.This compound is a subunit for what class of organic compounds? -
ANSWER Carbohydrates
23.Which image shows the structural formula for a molecule that has the
molecular formula C6H12O6? - ANSWER
24.The function of a protein is determined by its three-dimensional
conformation. Therefore, the function of a protein is ultimately due to what
characteristic of the protein? - ANSWER Its amino acid sequence.
25.The building blocks for DNA and RNA molecules are called __________. -
ANSWER nucleotides
26.Gastric juice (fluid in the stomach) has a pH value of 2.0. Therefore, this
solution is _ - ANSWER Gastric juice (fluid in the stomach) has a pH value
of 2.0. Therefore, this solution is _
27.Name the type of organic molecule that is hydrophobic. - ANSWER Lipid
28.Bonds occurring between two polar molecules, such as between two water
molecules, are called __________ bonds. - ANSWER hydrogen
3
, 29.Which of the following organelles play a role in the distribution of
chromosomes during cell division? - ANSWER Centrioles
30.What term describes the series of events that a cell undergoes from the time
it forms until the time it divides? - ANSWER Cell cycle
31.Which of the following is the same for every cell within a human body? -
ANSWER Genome
32.What are the three major parts of a cell? - ANSWER Nucleus, cytoplasm,
and cell membrane
33.What type of cell retains the ability to divide repeatedly into any type of cell,
thus allowing the body to repair and grow? - ANSWER Stem cell
34.The process of specialization by a cell is called __________. - ANSWER
differentiation
35.Some white blood cells function to digest bacteria in the body. These white
blood cells would need to contain a large number of what organelle to
perform this specific function? - ANSWER Lysosomes
36.What is the site of ribosome production? - ANSWER Nucleolus
37.All cells in the body divide at the same rate. - ANSWER False
38.Specialized structures found in the cytoplasm of the cell are called
__________. - ANSWER organelles
39.Match the descriptions to the correct cell part.
Composed of protein and a lipid bilayer
Membranous sacs with interior partitions
Group of flattened, membranous sacs
4. Particles composed of protein and RNA molecules Nonmembranous
structure composed of two rodlike centrioles - ANSWER 1. Cell membrane
2. Mitochondrion 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Ribosome 5. Centrosome
40.Some organelles move within the cell as part of their function. - ANSWER
True
4
Guide | Verified Questions and Detailed
Answers | 100% Correct | Graded A+
1. Name the five primary taste sensations - ANSWER Umami, Sweet, Sour,
Salty, Bitter
2. Why don't taste receptors diminish with age? - ANSWER taste cells are
modified epithelial cells and divide continually
3. What are the parts of the outer ears? - ANSWER auricle and the external
auditory meatus
4. What are the parts of the middle ears? - ANSWER The middle ear begins
with the tympanic membrane, which is an air-filled space housing the
auditory ossicles. Three auditory ossicles are the malleus, incus, and stapes.
5. Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?
The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective
tissue.
The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
Fenestrations (openings) are present in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
- ANSWER The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and
involuntarily.
6. What is the basic unit of function and structure in the human body?
Tissue
Atom
Cell - ANSWER Cell
7. The human body gains energy by _________ food, via the mouth. Food is
then broken down to basic chemicals through the process of _______ In the
small intestine, the chemicals from food enter the body. This process is
called _____. These chemicals are then transported by the blood to the cells
of the body in a process called ______ . The cells will use these chemicals,
1
, along with oxygen, to gain energy in a process known as respiration
_______. Some cells will use these chemicals to build new and more
complex chemicals. Not all substances taken into the body are used. The
body can rid itself of unabsorbed materials and waste produced by metabolic
reactions in a process called _____ - ANSWER 1. ingesting 2. digestion 3.
absorption 4. circulation 5. respiration 6. excretion
8. The knee is __________ to the ankle. - ANSWER proximal (or superior)
9. What organ system would include the thyroid gland and pancreas? -
ANSWER Endocrine system
10.The serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity is called
the __________. The membrane that covers the surface of the
abdominopelvic organs is called the __________. - ANSWER parietal
peritoneum; visceral peritoneum
11.During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases. The runner
responds by perspiring (sweating), which lowers body temperature. This
process is an example of a __________. - ANSWER negative feedback
mechanism
12.What organ system is responsible for coordination and integration of bodily
functions as well as detecting changes inside and outside the body? -
ANSWER Nervous system
13.The physiological events that obtain, release, and use energy are defined as
__________. - ANSWER metabolism
14.The lungs are __________ to the heart. - ANSWER lateral (away from the
midline)
15.Glucose and glycogen are examples of what group of organic compounds? -
ANSWER Carbohydrates
16.A cation is formed when an atom __________ an electron. - ANSWER loses
17.Which of the following is a decomposition reaction? - ANSWER HCl → H+
+ Cl-
2
,18.Match the general functions with the correct type of organic compound.
Functions: Cell membrane structure; energy storage
Cell membrane structure; energy storage
Genetic information
Cellular fuel
Enzymes, transporters, structural components - ANSWER 1. Lipids 2.
Nucleic acids 3. Glucose 4. Proteins
19.What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by
two atoms in a molecule? - ANSWER Covalent bond
20.The primary type of chemical reaction involved in the digestion of a meal by
the digestive system is a(n) __________. - ANSWER decomposition
reaction
21.What type of substance works to resist changes in the pH of a solution? -
ANSWER Buffer
22.This compound is a subunit for what class of organic compounds? -
ANSWER Carbohydrates
23.Which image shows the structural formula for a molecule that has the
molecular formula C6H12O6? - ANSWER
24.The function of a protein is determined by its three-dimensional
conformation. Therefore, the function of a protein is ultimately due to what
characteristic of the protein? - ANSWER Its amino acid sequence.
25.The building blocks for DNA and RNA molecules are called __________. -
ANSWER nucleotides
26.Gastric juice (fluid in the stomach) has a pH value of 2.0. Therefore, this
solution is _ - ANSWER Gastric juice (fluid in the stomach) has a pH value
of 2.0. Therefore, this solution is _
27.Name the type of organic molecule that is hydrophobic. - ANSWER Lipid
28.Bonds occurring between two polar molecules, such as between two water
molecules, are called __________ bonds. - ANSWER hydrogen
3
, 29.Which of the following organelles play a role in the distribution of
chromosomes during cell division? - ANSWER Centrioles
30.What term describes the series of events that a cell undergoes from the time
it forms until the time it divides? - ANSWER Cell cycle
31.Which of the following is the same for every cell within a human body? -
ANSWER Genome
32.What are the three major parts of a cell? - ANSWER Nucleus, cytoplasm,
and cell membrane
33.What type of cell retains the ability to divide repeatedly into any type of cell,
thus allowing the body to repair and grow? - ANSWER Stem cell
34.The process of specialization by a cell is called __________. - ANSWER
differentiation
35.Some white blood cells function to digest bacteria in the body. These white
blood cells would need to contain a large number of what organelle to
perform this specific function? - ANSWER Lysosomes
36.What is the site of ribosome production? - ANSWER Nucleolus
37.All cells in the body divide at the same rate. - ANSWER False
38.Specialized structures found in the cytoplasm of the cell are called
__________. - ANSWER organelles
39.Match the descriptions to the correct cell part.
Composed of protein and a lipid bilayer
Membranous sacs with interior partitions
Group of flattened, membranous sacs
4. Particles composed of protein and RNA molecules Nonmembranous
structure composed of two rodlike centrioles - ANSWER 1. Cell membrane
2. Mitochondrion 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Ribosome 5. Centrosome
40.Some organelles move within the cell as part of their function. - ANSWER
True
4
