NUR401 Exam Questions with Answers
cardiac catheterization - ✔✔most definitive and most invasive test- includes studies of the right
and left side of the heart and the coronary arteries
indication for cardiac cath - ✔✔confirm suspected heart disease, determine location and extent
of disease, determine best therapeutic option, evaluate effects of treatment
patient prep for cardiac cath - ✔✔assess anxiety and fear, hydration pre and post helps
minimize contrast induce renal toxicity, assess iodine allergy, supine position
post cardiac cath care - ✔✔o bedrest (2-6hr) and keep insertion site extremity straight, VS
q15min for 1hr then q30min for 2hr then q4hr, assess insertion site for bleeding or hematoma,
peripheral pulses, IV fluids
S/S of cardiac ischemic (post cardiac cath) - ✔✔chest pain, dysrhythmias, bleeding, hematoma
formation, or dramatic change in peripheral pulses = call the rapid response team, remain with
patient, perform 12 lead ECG
hematoma post cardiac cath - ✔✔hold steady, firm pressure to the access site and call the rapid
response team
stroke post cardiac cath - ✔✔neuro changes- visual disturbances, slurred speech, swallowing
difficulties, and extremity weakness
cardiac cath complications - ✔✔MI, stroke, arterial bleeding, thromboembolism, lethal
dysrhythmias, arterial dissection, death
goal of hemodynamic monitoring - ✔✔maintain adequate tissue perfusion
,hemodynamic monitoring - ✔✔pulmonary artery catheter- inflate balloon, pressure reading
when the artery is blocked, do not forget to deflate balloon; measures information on the LV
invasive hemodynamics - ✔✔provides quantitative information about vascular capacity, BV,
pump effectiveness, and tissue perfusion
diastole - ✔✔amount of pressure/force against the arterial walls during relaxation phase of the
heart
systole - ✔✔amount of pressure/force generated by the LV to distribute blood into the aorta
with each contraction of the heart
flow of blood through heart - ✔✔Inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve,
pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta
heart valves - ✔✔prevent back flow of blood- tricuspid, pulmonic, bicuspid, aortic
MI in females - ✔✔less likely to experience chest pain, discomfort or indigestion, chronic
fatigue, inability to catch their breath
normal CV findings - ✔✔S1 and S2
abnormal CV findings - ✔✔poor cardiac output and decreased cerebral perfusion may cause
confusion, memory loss, and slowed verbal responses- cyanosis, pallor, clubbing, hypertension,
postural hypotension, JVD, bruits
S/S of chronic HF - ✔✔malnourished, thin, cachectic
S/S of late severe right sided HF - ✔✔ascites, jaundice, generalized edema
, P wave - ✔✔atrial depolarization
QRS complex - ✔✔ventricular depolarization
T wave - ✔✔ventricular repolarization
U wave - ✔✔if present, slow depolarization of purkinjie fibers
PR interval - ✔✔0.12-0.2
ST segment - ✔✔early ventricular repolarization
QRS duration - ✔✔0.04-0.12
normal sinus rhythm - ✔✔rate 60-100, regular, P waves present and consistent, normal PR
interval and QRS duration
normal sinus rhythm strip - ✔✔
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) - ✔✔early rhythm complexes, pause before normal
rhythm after premature complexes- palpations, high frequency affects CO
premature ventricular contractions strip - ✔✔
SVT - ✔✔rapid stimulation of atrial tissue at rate of 100-280 bpm, may not see P waves, may
occur in healthy people
cardiac catheterization - ✔✔most definitive and most invasive test- includes studies of the right
and left side of the heart and the coronary arteries
indication for cardiac cath - ✔✔confirm suspected heart disease, determine location and extent
of disease, determine best therapeutic option, evaluate effects of treatment
patient prep for cardiac cath - ✔✔assess anxiety and fear, hydration pre and post helps
minimize contrast induce renal toxicity, assess iodine allergy, supine position
post cardiac cath care - ✔✔o bedrest (2-6hr) and keep insertion site extremity straight, VS
q15min for 1hr then q30min for 2hr then q4hr, assess insertion site for bleeding or hematoma,
peripheral pulses, IV fluids
S/S of cardiac ischemic (post cardiac cath) - ✔✔chest pain, dysrhythmias, bleeding, hematoma
formation, or dramatic change in peripheral pulses = call the rapid response team, remain with
patient, perform 12 lead ECG
hematoma post cardiac cath - ✔✔hold steady, firm pressure to the access site and call the rapid
response team
stroke post cardiac cath - ✔✔neuro changes- visual disturbances, slurred speech, swallowing
difficulties, and extremity weakness
cardiac cath complications - ✔✔MI, stroke, arterial bleeding, thromboembolism, lethal
dysrhythmias, arterial dissection, death
goal of hemodynamic monitoring - ✔✔maintain adequate tissue perfusion
,hemodynamic monitoring - ✔✔pulmonary artery catheter- inflate balloon, pressure reading
when the artery is blocked, do not forget to deflate balloon; measures information on the LV
invasive hemodynamics - ✔✔provides quantitative information about vascular capacity, BV,
pump effectiveness, and tissue perfusion
diastole - ✔✔amount of pressure/force against the arterial walls during relaxation phase of the
heart
systole - ✔✔amount of pressure/force generated by the LV to distribute blood into the aorta
with each contraction of the heart
flow of blood through heart - ✔✔Inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve,
pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta
heart valves - ✔✔prevent back flow of blood- tricuspid, pulmonic, bicuspid, aortic
MI in females - ✔✔less likely to experience chest pain, discomfort or indigestion, chronic
fatigue, inability to catch their breath
normal CV findings - ✔✔S1 and S2
abnormal CV findings - ✔✔poor cardiac output and decreased cerebral perfusion may cause
confusion, memory loss, and slowed verbal responses- cyanosis, pallor, clubbing, hypertension,
postural hypotension, JVD, bruits
S/S of chronic HF - ✔✔malnourished, thin, cachectic
S/S of late severe right sided HF - ✔✔ascites, jaundice, generalized edema
, P wave - ✔✔atrial depolarization
QRS complex - ✔✔ventricular depolarization
T wave - ✔✔ventricular repolarization
U wave - ✔✔if present, slow depolarization of purkinjie fibers
PR interval - ✔✔0.12-0.2
ST segment - ✔✔early ventricular repolarization
QRS duration - ✔✔0.04-0.12
normal sinus rhythm - ✔✔rate 60-100, regular, P waves present and consistent, normal PR
interval and QRS duration
normal sinus rhythm strip - ✔✔
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) - ✔✔early rhythm complexes, pause before normal
rhythm after premature complexes- palpations, high frequency affects CO
premature ventricular contractions strip - ✔✔
SVT - ✔✔rapid stimulation of atrial tissue at rate of 100-280 bpm, may not see P waves, may
occur in healthy people
