JR 101 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔The flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to
slide against one another is called - ✔✔cartilage
✔✔The fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones - ✔✔ligaments
✔✔The PCL in the knee - ✔✔originates on the tibia and inserts on the tibial tuberosity
originates on the tibia and inserts on the patella
originates on the tibia and inserts on the fibular head
none of the answers are correct
✔✔T/F? The two points of attachment for the MCL are the distal medial femoral condyle
and the proximal fibular head - ✔✔false
✔✔A tough band if fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and
is capable of withstanding tension is know as - ✔✔tendons
✔✔T/F? The point of origin of a muscle is a location where a muscle can move. -
✔✔false
✔✔The main function of cortical bone is to provide what? - ✔✔strength
✔✔bilateral means - ✔✔occurring on both sides of the body
✔✔ipsilateral means - ✔✔occurring on same side of the body
✔✔avascular necrosis means - ✔✔death of bone due to lack of blood flow
✔✔arthritis means - ✔✔inflammation of the joint
✔✔the largest joint in the human body is - ✔✔the knee joint
✔✔The LCL originates at the ______ and inserts on the _____ - ✔✔-lateral femoral
condyle
-fibular head
✔✔Which ligament is attached to the meniscus and is often damaged with trauma to the
meniscus? - ✔✔MCL
✔✔The medical femoral condyle is ______ and ______ curved than the lateral condyle.
- ✔✔-larger
,-more curved
✔✔The main blood supply to the lower leg is the - ✔✔popliteal artery
✔✔the ACL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to anterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
✔✔the PCL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to posterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
✔✔the MCL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to valgus angulation
✔✔the LCL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to varus angulation
✔✔How many degrees of freedom are in the knee? - ✔✔6
-A +P
-M+L
-I+E
-F+E
✔✔The mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line
from - ✔✔the femoral head center to ankle center
✔✔T/F? The anatomic axes in the lower extremity are represented by two mutually
exclusive line - ✔✔true
✔✔When we refer to the functional axes of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? - ✔✔-transepicondylar axis of the femur
-longitudinal axis of the tibia
✔✔The flexion extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? - ✔✔MCL and LCL
✔✔The anatomical/clinical transepicondylar axis of the knee is an imaginary line that
connects - ✔✔the two most prominent points of the medial and lateral epicondyles
✔✔The surgical epicondylar axis is an imaginary line that connects - ✔✔the most
prominent point on the lateral epicondyle with the medial sulcus
✔✔Which distal femoral epicondyle in the knee has a sulcus? - ✔✔medial
✔✔Whitemans line is - ✔✔perpendicular to the STA
, ✔✔the posterior condylar line is - ✔✔marks the outer surface boundaries of the
posterior distal femoral condyles in flexion
✔✔Whitemans line is also known as - ✔✔the trochlear A/P axis
✔✔Where is whitens line drawn from? - ✔✔a line drawn from the deepest part of the
trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch
✔✔T/F? A normal knee has a medial pivot - ✔✔true
✔✔T/F? During the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate
with reference to the femur as the knee extends - ✔✔false
✔✔T/F? Since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves
through the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active"
motion. - ✔✔false
✔✔T/F? As the knee joint flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and
the tibia is lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia. -
✔✔True
✔✔As the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by
ligaments as well as muscles. This motion is categorized as being - ✔✔active
✔✔Is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive? - ✔✔passive
✔✔If one views the the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the
functional flexion axis (TEA), the condyles appear _________ from 10 degrees to 120
degrees. - ✔✔circular
✔✔The most important function of patella - ✔✔quad efficiency
✔✔T/F? The patella decreases the lever arm of the extensor mechanism of the knee
joint - ✔✔false
✔✔T/F? The tibial tubercle is not part of the extensor mechanism - ✔✔false
✔✔In the human knee joint, the distance (in the sagittal plane) between the quadriceps
force in the knee joint and the flexion extension axis of the knee can be referred to as
being a: - ✔✔moment arm
✔✔T/F? Triathlon CS tibial inserts are available in six thicknesses. They match the six
thickness options that are available for the CR tibial insert. - ✔✔false
2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔The flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to
slide against one another is called - ✔✔cartilage
✔✔The fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones - ✔✔ligaments
✔✔The PCL in the knee - ✔✔originates on the tibia and inserts on the tibial tuberosity
originates on the tibia and inserts on the patella
originates on the tibia and inserts on the fibular head
none of the answers are correct
✔✔T/F? The two points of attachment for the MCL are the distal medial femoral condyle
and the proximal fibular head - ✔✔false
✔✔A tough band if fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and
is capable of withstanding tension is know as - ✔✔tendons
✔✔T/F? The point of origin of a muscle is a location where a muscle can move. -
✔✔false
✔✔The main function of cortical bone is to provide what? - ✔✔strength
✔✔bilateral means - ✔✔occurring on both sides of the body
✔✔ipsilateral means - ✔✔occurring on same side of the body
✔✔avascular necrosis means - ✔✔death of bone due to lack of blood flow
✔✔arthritis means - ✔✔inflammation of the joint
✔✔the largest joint in the human body is - ✔✔the knee joint
✔✔The LCL originates at the ______ and inserts on the _____ - ✔✔-lateral femoral
condyle
-fibular head
✔✔Which ligament is attached to the meniscus and is often damaged with trauma to the
meniscus? - ✔✔MCL
✔✔The medical femoral condyle is ______ and ______ curved than the lateral condyle.
- ✔✔-larger
,-more curved
✔✔The main blood supply to the lower leg is the - ✔✔popliteal artery
✔✔the ACL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to anterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
✔✔the PCL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to posterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
✔✔the MCL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to valgus angulation
✔✔the LCL is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to varus angulation
✔✔How many degrees of freedom are in the knee? - ✔✔6
-A +P
-M+L
-I+E
-F+E
✔✔The mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line
from - ✔✔the femoral head center to ankle center
✔✔T/F? The anatomic axes in the lower extremity are represented by two mutually
exclusive line - ✔✔true
✔✔When we refer to the functional axes of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? - ✔✔-transepicondylar axis of the femur
-longitudinal axis of the tibia
✔✔The flexion extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? - ✔✔MCL and LCL
✔✔The anatomical/clinical transepicondylar axis of the knee is an imaginary line that
connects - ✔✔the two most prominent points of the medial and lateral epicondyles
✔✔The surgical epicondylar axis is an imaginary line that connects - ✔✔the most
prominent point on the lateral epicondyle with the medial sulcus
✔✔Which distal femoral epicondyle in the knee has a sulcus? - ✔✔medial
✔✔Whitemans line is - ✔✔perpendicular to the STA
, ✔✔the posterior condylar line is - ✔✔marks the outer surface boundaries of the
posterior distal femoral condyles in flexion
✔✔Whitemans line is also known as - ✔✔the trochlear A/P axis
✔✔Where is whitens line drawn from? - ✔✔a line drawn from the deepest part of the
trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch
✔✔T/F? A normal knee has a medial pivot - ✔✔true
✔✔T/F? During the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate
with reference to the femur as the knee extends - ✔✔false
✔✔T/F? Since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves
through the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active"
motion. - ✔✔false
✔✔T/F? As the knee joint flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and
the tibia is lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia. -
✔✔True
✔✔As the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by
ligaments as well as muscles. This motion is categorized as being - ✔✔active
✔✔Is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive? - ✔✔passive
✔✔If one views the the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the
functional flexion axis (TEA), the condyles appear _________ from 10 degrees to 120
degrees. - ✔✔circular
✔✔The most important function of patella - ✔✔quad efficiency
✔✔T/F? The patella decreases the lever arm of the extensor mechanism of the knee
joint - ✔✔false
✔✔T/F? The tibial tubercle is not part of the extensor mechanism - ✔✔false
✔✔In the human knee joint, the distance (in the sagittal plane) between the quadriceps
force in the knee joint and the flexion extension axis of the knee can be referred to as
being a: - ✔✔moment arm
✔✔T/F? Triathlon CS tibial inserts are available in six thicknesses. They match the six
thickness options that are available for the CR tibial insert. - ✔✔false
