JR 101 STANDARD EXAM SHEET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔The selectivity process - ✔✔Includes selective exposure, selective perception, and
selective retention
✔✔Selective exposure - ✔✔When you select the medium that you consume (The New
York Times over Slate, etc.); the process you go through before deciding to call
someone a friend or partner
✔✔Selective perception - ✔✔How you view things (i.e. half-full vs. half-empty)
✔✔Selective retention - ✔✔We retain certain things, but not all things
✔✔Objectivity - ✔✔A journalistic myth that helps us set our sights on a goal;
encourages fairness.
✔✔News triad - ✔✔The three things that are essential for something to be news:
audience, stimulus, media
✔✔Duties of a newspaper - ✔✔Inform, educate, offer opinions, entertain, advertise,
watch those in power
✔✔Ways of sending information between tripes thousands of years ago - ✔✔Smoke
signals; travling on foot, ships, or carriages; minstrels that traveled city to city
✔✔Homer - ✔✔Put facts on paper for the first time with his book recounting the events
of the Trojan War
✔✔Herodotus - ✔✔"The father of history"; interviewed people and witnessed events
and wrote books about it
✔✔Thucydides - ✔✔460-400 B.C., he wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War,
which is considered to be the earliest thing to journalism as we know it today because
he verified facts
✔✔Acta Diurna - ✔✔59 BC, Julius Caeser created this pamphlet to sent information all
over his empire via "Acduarii"
✔✔Johannes Gutenberg - ✔✔Invented movable type in Germany in 1440, and the
printing press shortly after
✔✔Henry VIII - ✔✔In England, pass a law requiring the licensing of every book, to
prevent books being published that he did not want
, ✔✔John Milton - ✔✔1644, wrote the first articulate defense for freedom in England in a
book titled Areopagitica ("let truth and falsehood grapple")
✔✔Avis Relation - ✔✔The first newspaper, born in Augsburg, Germany, in 1605
✔✔Gazette de France - ✔✔Born in 1631, France
✔✔The London Gazette - ✔✔Born in 1665, in London
✔✔Benjamin Harris - ✔✔Started first American newspaper, Public Occurrences, in
Boston in 1690. Closed three days later.
✔✔John Campbell - ✔✔Published the first successful American newspaper, The Boston
Newsletter in 1704 (to 1776), "with authority"
✔✔The Boston Gazette - ✔✔American newspaper that ran from 1719 to 1831, and was
NOT "published with authority"
✔✔The New England Courant - ✔✔American newspaper that ran from 1721 to 1726
and was published by Ben and James Franklin
✔✔The Pennsylvania Gazette - ✔✔Published by Ben Franklin when he left The New
England Courant.
✔✔The Connecticut Courant - ✔✔An American newspaper started in 1764 that is still
running today as "The Hartford Courant"
✔✔Linotype/typesetting - ✔✔A machine produced in the late 1800s; produced one line
of type at a time, called a "slug"
✔✔Offset printing - ✔✔The printing method in use today; "cold" printing
✔✔John Peter Zenger - ✔✔Began the New-York Weekly Journal in 1735 and
questioned William Cosby's governorship
✔✔The Zenger Trial - ✔✔When the publisher of the New-York Weekly Journal was tried
for seditious libel and defended in court by Andrew Hamilton; The court ruled in favor of
the publisher and upheld freedom of the press
✔✔The Pennsylvania Packet - ✔✔The first daily newspaper in America, ran from 1771
to 1839
ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔The selectivity process - ✔✔Includes selective exposure, selective perception, and
selective retention
✔✔Selective exposure - ✔✔When you select the medium that you consume (The New
York Times over Slate, etc.); the process you go through before deciding to call
someone a friend or partner
✔✔Selective perception - ✔✔How you view things (i.e. half-full vs. half-empty)
✔✔Selective retention - ✔✔We retain certain things, but not all things
✔✔Objectivity - ✔✔A journalistic myth that helps us set our sights on a goal;
encourages fairness.
✔✔News triad - ✔✔The three things that are essential for something to be news:
audience, stimulus, media
✔✔Duties of a newspaper - ✔✔Inform, educate, offer opinions, entertain, advertise,
watch those in power
✔✔Ways of sending information between tripes thousands of years ago - ✔✔Smoke
signals; travling on foot, ships, or carriages; minstrels that traveled city to city
✔✔Homer - ✔✔Put facts on paper for the first time with his book recounting the events
of the Trojan War
✔✔Herodotus - ✔✔"The father of history"; interviewed people and witnessed events
and wrote books about it
✔✔Thucydides - ✔✔460-400 B.C., he wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War,
which is considered to be the earliest thing to journalism as we know it today because
he verified facts
✔✔Acta Diurna - ✔✔59 BC, Julius Caeser created this pamphlet to sent information all
over his empire via "Acduarii"
✔✔Johannes Gutenberg - ✔✔Invented movable type in Germany in 1440, and the
printing press shortly after
✔✔Henry VIII - ✔✔In England, pass a law requiring the licensing of every book, to
prevent books being published that he did not want
, ✔✔John Milton - ✔✔1644, wrote the first articulate defense for freedom in England in a
book titled Areopagitica ("let truth and falsehood grapple")
✔✔Avis Relation - ✔✔The first newspaper, born in Augsburg, Germany, in 1605
✔✔Gazette de France - ✔✔Born in 1631, France
✔✔The London Gazette - ✔✔Born in 1665, in London
✔✔Benjamin Harris - ✔✔Started first American newspaper, Public Occurrences, in
Boston in 1690. Closed three days later.
✔✔John Campbell - ✔✔Published the first successful American newspaper, The Boston
Newsletter in 1704 (to 1776), "with authority"
✔✔The Boston Gazette - ✔✔American newspaper that ran from 1719 to 1831, and was
NOT "published with authority"
✔✔The New England Courant - ✔✔American newspaper that ran from 1721 to 1726
and was published by Ben and James Franklin
✔✔The Pennsylvania Gazette - ✔✔Published by Ben Franklin when he left The New
England Courant.
✔✔The Connecticut Courant - ✔✔An American newspaper started in 1764 that is still
running today as "The Hartford Courant"
✔✔Linotype/typesetting - ✔✔A machine produced in the late 1800s; produced one line
of type at a time, called a "slug"
✔✔Offset printing - ✔✔The printing method in use today; "cold" printing
✔✔John Peter Zenger - ✔✔Began the New-York Weekly Journal in 1735 and
questioned William Cosby's governorship
✔✔The Zenger Trial - ✔✔When the publisher of the New-York Weekly Journal was tried
for seditious libel and defended in court by Andrew Hamilton; The court ruled in favor of
the publisher and upheld freedom of the press
✔✔The Pennsylvania Packet - ✔✔The first daily newspaper in America, ran from 1771
to 1839
