Stott Pilates_ Anatomy - Exam Preparation Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Stott Pilates_ Anatomy - Exam Preparation Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER away Superior is a directional term for: - ANSWER above or towards the head Inferior is a directional term for: - ANSWER Below or away from the head Anterior refers to - ANSWER front of the body Posterior refers to - ANSWER back of the body Superficial refers to - ANSWER towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer Deep refers to - ANSWER inside the body (internal) Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. - ANSWER anterior surfaces of the body towards each other. Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. - ANSWER anterior surfaces of the body away from each other. Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - ANSWER Side to side Rotational movements happen around which central point? - ANSWER The axis of the spine. List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - ANSWER Flexion Extension Lateral flexion Rotation Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension. - ANSWER Arm reaches up overhead (vertical flexion) Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension) Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction. - ANSWER Arm moves away from the midline (abduction) Arm moves towards the midline (adduction) * can also done horizontally as in when client is supine. Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder. - ANSWER Internal rotation - palm moves toward the body. External rotation - palm moves away from the body. Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula. - ANSWER protraction - scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine) retraction - scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine) List the 6 actions of the scapula - ANSWER Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression Upward rotation Downward rotation What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction? - ANSWER Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction? - ANSWER Trapezius, rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation? - ANSWER Upper Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids What muscles are responsible for scapular depression? - ANSWER latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius muscles. What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation? - ANSWER Trapezius and serratus anterior What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation? - ANSWER latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular winging: - ANSWER tight/shortened pectoralis muscles Weak serratus anterior *Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging. What is scapular winging? - ANSWER Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae What is scapular tipping? - ANSWER Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the scapulae Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular tipping: - ANSWER - tight/short pectoralis minor muscle - Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward. - Weak lower trap - responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a weak lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias towards anterior tipping. - faulty posture (kyphosis) Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS) - ANSWER S.I.T.S. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis Describe the 2 actions of the forearm: - ANSWER Supination - palm facing up pronation - palm facing down Describe the two actions of the elbow joint: - ANSWER Flexion - palm moves proximally (towards shoulder) Extension - palm moves distally What are the anteroposterior muscles of the hip? - ANSWER Anterior: Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius Posterior: Glutes and hamstrings Describe the 6 actions of the hip joint - ANSWER Abduction - leg moves away from midline adduction - leg moves toward midline flexion - femur moves proximally extension - femur moves distally Internal rotation - Femur spirals in socket toward midline External rotation - femur spirals in socket away from midline