NSG4330 - Midterm #1 QUESTIONS WITH |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
Three Factor Framework - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Client:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
degree of complexity and predictability (i.e. teaching vs. ICU),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
risk of negative outcomes (++ risk factors?)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The Nurse: leadership (understanding own
|\ |\ |\ |\
competencies/abilities), critical thinking, decision making abilities
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The Environment: practice supports, consultation resources,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stability/predictability of environment |\ |\
Coronary Arteries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rt Coronary Artery:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
covers entire Rt side, circles to posterior
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lt Main Coronary Artery branches into:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Circumflex: circles posterior and lateral Lt side |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lt Anterior Descending: feeds Lt ventricle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Systole vs. Diastole - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔S: Pulmonic and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aortic valves open, "lub". If BP is high, heart must work harder to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
close aortic valve (usually requires only 120mmHg).
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D: Bicuspid and tricuspid open, "dub". Coronary arteries fill
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
during diastole (while aortic valve is closed)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔CO = Stroke Volume x
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Heart Rate |\
Amount of blood your body ejects for 1 min
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The amount of blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
your body ejects per beat
|\ |\ |\ |\
Preload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Amount of blood in your
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricles before systole |\ |\
The greater the stretch (more blood) the better the contraction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(elastic band analogy). |\ |\
Low preload could be from low BP (though HR may increase to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
compensate), dehydration |\
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔How much pressure it takes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for the heart to contract and open valve to eject blood (Lt
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle must push against pressure in aorta to open valve... ex.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
easy to open a door, harder if there are people on the other side
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
holding it closed). |\ |\ |\
More pressure in aorta = more pressure needed to open valve =
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
more energy = more oxygen = faster HR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Chronotropic ANS Controls - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rate of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impulse formation, controls HR (cHRonitropic)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Dromotropic ANS Controls - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Speed of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conduction
Inotropic ANS Controls - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Strength of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
contraction
Acute Coronary Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Umbrella
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
term for conditions that result in decrease blood flow to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heart/prolonged oxygen suplpy+demand imbalance
|\ |\ |\ |\
Unstable Angina (moreso than stable)
|\ |\ |\ |\
STEMI
non-STEMI
Normal CK - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔22 to 198 U/L
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Normal troponin level - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.0 - 0.10 ng/mL
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Normal myoglobin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔<90 mcg/L
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Unstable Angina - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔New onset chest pain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that occurs at rest or is worsening without cell death. Can be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stable angina that becomes unpredictable.
|\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
Three Factor Framework - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Client:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
degree of complexity and predictability (i.e. teaching vs. ICU),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
risk of negative outcomes (++ risk factors?)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The Nurse: leadership (understanding own
|\ |\ |\ |\
competencies/abilities), critical thinking, decision making abilities
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The Environment: practice supports, consultation resources,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stability/predictability of environment |\ |\
Coronary Arteries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rt Coronary Artery:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
covers entire Rt side, circles to posterior
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lt Main Coronary Artery branches into:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Circumflex: circles posterior and lateral Lt side |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lt Anterior Descending: feeds Lt ventricle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Systole vs. Diastole - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔S: Pulmonic and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aortic valves open, "lub". If BP is high, heart must work harder to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
close aortic valve (usually requires only 120mmHg).
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D: Bicuspid and tricuspid open, "dub". Coronary arteries fill
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
during diastole (while aortic valve is closed)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔CO = Stroke Volume x
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Heart Rate |\
Amount of blood your body ejects for 1 min
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The amount of blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
your body ejects per beat
|\ |\ |\ |\
Preload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Amount of blood in your
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricles before systole |\ |\
The greater the stretch (more blood) the better the contraction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(elastic band analogy). |\ |\
Low preload could be from low BP (though HR may increase to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
compensate), dehydration |\
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔How much pressure it takes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for the heart to contract and open valve to eject blood (Lt
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle must push against pressure in aorta to open valve... ex.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
easy to open a door, harder if there are people on the other side
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
holding it closed). |\ |\ |\
More pressure in aorta = more pressure needed to open valve =
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
more energy = more oxygen = faster HR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Chronotropic ANS Controls - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rate of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impulse formation, controls HR (cHRonitropic)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Dromotropic ANS Controls - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Speed of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conduction
Inotropic ANS Controls - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Strength of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
contraction
Acute Coronary Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Umbrella
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
term for conditions that result in decrease blood flow to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heart/prolonged oxygen suplpy+demand imbalance
|\ |\ |\ |\
Unstable Angina (moreso than stable)
|\ |\ |\ |\
STEMI
non-STEMI
Normal CK - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔22 to 198 U/L
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Normal troponin level - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.0 - 0.10 ng/mL
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Normal myoglobin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔<90 mcg/L
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Unstable Angina - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔New onset chest pain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that occurs at rest or is worsening without cell death. Can be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stable angina that becomes unpredictable.
|\ |\ |\ |\
