,E System History, 4th Edition, By Steven M. Stanley And John A. Luczaj Test
Bank, Chapter 01
1. Actualism Is The
A) Idea That The Geological Record Provides A Unique Perspective On Human
Activities.
B) Study Of How Large Meteors Have Struck TheEOver Time And Thus Caused
Mass Extinctions Of Life.
C) Notion That Fundamental Physical Principles Operating Today Have
Done So Throughout E's History.
D) Study Of Ripples In Sand Made By Water And Air Movements, And How Those
Features Are Always Different From The Ones Made By Water And Air Long
Ago.
SOLUTION:C
2. The Concept Or Philosophy Of Uniformitarianism Is Commonly Summarized By Saying
A) Catastrophic Forces Dominate E's Geological History.
B) Conditions Existing Today Cannot Form Rocks As In The Past.
C) Rocks Cannot Be Made In The Laboratory.
D) The Present Is The Key To The
Past. SOLUTION:D
3. We Can Use The Principle Of Actualism If
A) The Rocks In Question Formed Under Conditions That No Longer Exist.
B) We Can Simulate Or Replicate The Conditions Under Which A Rock Formed.
C) We Know That The Conditions Responsible For The Formation Of These Rocks
Still Exist, But At Such Great Depths Beneath E's Surface That We Cannot
Observe Them.
D) The Conditions Exist Today, But Produce The Rocks Over A Long Interval Of
Geologic Time.
SOLUTION:B
4. Catastrophism Is A
A) Principle Very Similar To Actualism And Uniformitarianism.
B) Theory Advanced First By A Scottish Gentleman Farmer Named James
Hutton And Expounded Upon By The English Naturalist And Author Charles
Lyell.
C) Nineteenth-Century Concept That Floods Caused By Supernatural Forces Formed
Most Of The Rocks That We See Today On E's Surface Today.
D) Twentieth-Century Philosophy About The Formation Of Volcanic
Rocks. SOLUTION:C
Page 1
,5. Central To Hutton's View Of E's History Was
A) Vast Geologic Time.
B) Catastrophism.
C) Volcanism.
D) Supernatural
Floods. SOLUTION:A
6. Charles Lyell Was NOT
A) The Author Of Principles Of Geology, A Popular 1830s Geology Text.
B) An Advocate Of Ideas Similar To James Hutton's Regarding E's History.
C) An Advocate Of Gradual Forces In E's History.
D) A German Professor Of Mineralogy Who Promoted
Catastrophism. SOLUTION:D
7. A Mineral Is
A) Either Extrusive Or Intrusive.
B) Interlocking Or Bonded Grains Of Matter.
C) A Naturally Occurring Inorganic Solid Element Or Compound.
D) Formed Mainly Of Sand Grains That Are Cemented
Together. SOLUTION:C
8. Form By The Cooling Of Molten Material To The Temperature At
Which The Molten Material Hardens Or Freezes.
A) Magmas
B) Igneous Rocks
C) Minerals
D) Sedimentary
Rocks SOLUTION:B
9. Is The Collective Term For The Chemical And Physical Processes That
Break Down Rocks Of Any Kind At E's Surface.
A) Weathering
B) Sediment
C) Erosion
D) Lithification
SOLUTION:A
Page 2
, 10. In The Sedimentary Debris Generated By The Breakdown Of Preexisting Rocks,
The Most Common Grains Are
A) Bits Of Broken Sea Shells.
B) Particles Of Sand And Clay.
C) Salts Precipitated From Seawater.
D) Clay Minerals Derived From
Feldspars. SOLUTION:B
11. Sedimentary Rocks Made Of The Fragments Of Skeletons Of Once-Living
Organisms Are Called
A) Shale.
B) Limestone.
C) Sandstone.
D) Crystalline
Rock.
SOLUTION:B
12. The Arrangement Of Sedimentary Rocks In Discrete Layers Is Called
A) Metamorphism.
B) Lithification.
C) Cementation.
D) Stratification
.
SOLUTION:D
13. A Is A Discrete Body Of Rock Of A Particular Type That Formed In A
Particular Way.
A) Group
B) Supergroup
C) Formation
D) Membe
r
SOLUTION:
C
14. Steno's Second Principle Says That
A) The Laws Of Nature Are Inviolable And Have Not Changed With Time.
B) Originally, All Strata Are Horizontal When They Form.
C) The Oldest Strata Lie At The Bottom Of A Succession Of Layers And That
Successively Higher Strata Are Progressively Younger.
D) Similar Rocks That Seem Once To Have Been Connected
Usually Are. SOLUTION:B
Page 3
Bank, Chapter 01
1. Actualism Is The
A) Idea That The Geological Record Provides A Unique Perspective On Human
Activities.
B) Study Of How Large Meteors Have Struck TheEOver Time And Thus Caused
Mass Extinctions Of Life.
C) Notion That Fundamental Physical Principles Operating Today Have
Done So Throughout E's History.
D) Study Of Ripples In Sand Made By Water And Air Movements, And How Those
Features Are Always Different From The Ones Made By Water And Air Long
Ago.
SOLUTION:C
2. The Concept Or Philosophy Of Uniformitarianism Is Commonly Summarized By Saying
A) Catastrophic Forces Dominate E's Geological History.
B) Conditions Existing Today Cannot Form Rocks As In The Past.
C) Rocks Cannot Be Made In The Laboratory.
D) The Present Is The Key To The
Past. SOLUTION:D
3. We Can Use The Principle Of Actualism If
A) The Rocks In Question Formed Under Conditions That No Longer Exist.
B) We Can Simulate Or Replicate The Conditions Under Which A Rock Formed.
C) We Know That The Conditions Responsible For The Formation Of These Rocks
Still Exist, But At Such Great Depths Beneath E's Surface That We Cannot
Observe Them.
D) The Conditions Exist Today, But Produce The Rocks Over A Long Interval Of
Geologic Time.
SOLUTION:B
4. Catastrophism Is A
A) Principle Very Similar To Actualism And Uniformitarianism.
B) Theory Advanced First By A Scottish Gentleman Farmer Named James
Hutton And Expounded Upon By The English Naturalist And Author Charles
Lyell.
C) Nineteenth-Century Concept That Floods Caused By Supernatural Forces Formed
Most Of The Rocks That We See Today On E's Surface Today.
D) Twentieth-Century Philosophy About The Formation Of Volcanic
Rocks. SOLUTION:C
Page 1
,5. Central To Hutton's View Of E's History Was
A) Vast Geologic Time.
B) Catastrophism.
C) Volcanism.
D) Supernatural
Floods. SOLUTION:A
6. Charles Lyell Was NOT
A) The Author Of Principles Of Geology, A Popular 1830s Geology Text.
B) An Advocate Of Ideas Similar To James Hutton's Regarding E's History.
C) An Advocate Of Gradual Forces In E's History.
D) A German Professor Of Mineralogy Who Promoted
Catastrophism. SOLUTION:D
7. A Mineral Is
A) Either Extrusive Or Intrusive.
B) Interlocking Or Bonded Grains Of Matter.
C) A Naturally Occurring Inorganic Solid Element Or Compound.
D) Formed Mainly Of Sand Grains That Are Cemented
Together. SOLUTION:C
8. Form By The Cooling Of Molten Material To The Temperature At
Which The Molten Material Hardens Or Freezes.
A) Magmas
B) Igneous Rocks
C) Minerals
D) Sedimentary
Rocks SOLUTION:B
9. Is The Collective Term For The Chemical And Physical Processes That
Break Down Rocks Of Any Kind At E's Surface.
A) Weathering
B) Sediment
C) Erosion
D) Lithification
SOLUTION:A
Page 2
, 10. In The Sedimentary Debris Generated By The Breakdown Of Preexisting Rocks,
The Most Common Grains Are
A) Bits Of Broken Sea Shells.
B) Particles Of Sand And Clay.
C) Salts Precipitated From Seawater.
D) Clay Minerals Derived From
Feldspars. SOLUTION:B
11. Sedimentary Rocks Made Of The Fragments Of Skeletons Of Once-Living
Organisms Are Called
A) Shale.
B) Limestone.
C) Sandstone.
D) Crystalline
Rock.
SOLUTION:B
12. The Arrangement Of Sedimentary Rocks In Discrete Layers Is Called
A) Metamorphism.
B) Lithification.
C) Cementation.
D) Stratification
.
SOLUTION:D
13. A Is A Discrete Body Of Rock Of A Particular Type That Formed In A
Particular Way.
A) Group
B) Supergroup
C) Formation
D) Membe
r
SOLUTION:
C
14. Steno's Second Principle Says That
A) The Laws Of Nature Are Inviolable And Have Not Changed With Time.
B) Originally, All Strata Are Horizontal When They Form.
C) The Oldest Strata Lie At The Bottom Of A Succession Of Layers And That
Successively Higher Strata Are Progressively Younger.
D) Similar Rocks That Seem Once To Have Been Connected
Usually Are. SOLUTION:B
Page 3
