10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated
2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy)
(Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
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Terms in this set (552)
the science that studies how nutrients and
Define nutrition compounds in foods nourish and affect body
functions and health
carbohydrates
protein
What are the essential fat
nutrients? vitamins
minerals
water
energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts
Define macronutrients
(carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins)
energy-yielding nutrients needed in smaller amounts
Define micronutrients
(vitamins, minerals)
contain carbon atoms (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
Define organic nutrients
vitamins)
Define inorganic nutrients do not contain carbon atoms (minerals, water)
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,10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
1. Has a specific biological function (i.e. calcium for
What are three bone growth)
characteristics of an 2. replenishing restores function (restores health)
essential nutrient? 3. omission results in decrease of function (adverse
health impact)
What is the energy value 4 kcal/gram
of carbohydrates?
What is the energy value 4 kcal/gram
of protein?
What is the energy value 9 kcal/gram
of fat?
What is the energy value 7 kcal/gram
of alcohol?
A meal has 8 grams of 170 kcal
protein, 10 grams of fat, (8g x 4 = 32kcal; 10g x 9 = 90kcal; 12g x 4 = 48 kcal;
and 12 grams of 32+90+48 = 170 kcal)
carbohydrates. What is the
energy value of this meal?
A person normally 100 grams (1600 kcal x .25 = 400 kcal of protein; 400
consumes 1600 kcals. How kcal/ 4kcal = 100 g of protein)
many grams of protein
should they consume to
have 25% of their energy
come from protein?
What are the 3 1. balance
components to the 2. variety
"philosophy that works" for 3. moderation
a healthy diet?
nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play
Define phytochemical
a role in fighting chronic diseases
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,10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
the amount of nutrients per calories in a given food
(nutrient content / calorie content)
Define nutrient density
(nutrient-dense foods provide more nutrients per
calorie)
a comparison of the calorie content of food with the
Define energy density weight or volume of a food (kcals compared to
grams)
Define over nutrition a state of excess nutrients and/or calories in a diet
Define undernutrition a state of inadequate nutrition
Define malnutrition long-term outcome of consuming a diet that doesn't
(malnourished) meet nutrient needs
a guide to nutrients in one serving of food;
Define Daily Value (DV) established reference levels of nutrients, based on a
2,000 calorie diet, that are used on food labels
What does RDA stand for? Recommended Daily Allowance
the average amount of nutrient that meets the needs
Define RDA of 97-98% of all individuals in a similar age and gender
group
DV references levels of nutrients in a serving of food,
What is the difference
RDA is the amount of nutrients that an individual
between DV and RDA?
should intake daily to be healthy
a tool that depicts the recommended proportions of 5
What is MyPlate?
food groups using a mealtime visual of a plate setting
(Describe it)
(fruits, veggies, grains, protein, dairy)
proportionality (more than 1/2 the plate to fruits and
vegetables),
What are the MyPlate moderation
recommendations? variety (vary veggies, focus on fruit)
focus on nutrient dense foods (calcium rich foods,
lean protein, at least 1/2 of grains be whole grains)
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, 10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
Which foods do the 2015 more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fat-free
Dietary Guidelines dairy, lean meats, seafood, oils instead of solid fats
encourage? (potassium, vitamin D, fiber, calcium)
Which foods do the 2015 sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, sugars, refined grains,
Dietary Guidelines alcohol
discourage?
What is the functions of ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion
the mouth? (salivary glands; chews food)
What is the function of the propulsion (swelling and peristalsis move the bolus
pharynx and esophagus? from mouth to stomach)
a hormone that stimulates digestive activities and
Define gastrin
increases gastric motility and emptying
mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption
What is the function of the (mix with acid and enzymes, stomach enzymes begin
stomach? to digest proteins, fat-soluble substances are
absorbed)
mechanical digestion and propulsion, chemical
digestion, absorption
What is the function of the
(segmentation mixes with digestive juices, pancreatic
small intestine?
and small intestinal enzymes digest food, nutrients are
absorbed into blood and lymph)
chemical digestion, absorption, propulsion (remaining
What is the function of the
residues digested by bacteria, reabsorbs salts, water,
large intestine?
and vitamins, compacts waste to feces)
What if the function of the elimination (temporarily stores stool before voluntary
rectum release through anus)
What is the function of the produces bile to digest fats
liver?
What is the function of the stores bile
gallbladder?
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Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated
2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy)
(Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
Save
Terms in this set (552)
the science that studies how nutrients and
Define nutrition compounds in foods nourish and affect body
functions and health
carbohydrates
protein
What are the essential fat
nutrients? vitamins
minerals
water
energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts
Define macronutrients
(carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins)
energy-yielding nutrients needed in smaller amounts
Define micronutrients
(vitamins, minerals)
contain carbon atoms (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
Define organic nutrients
vitamins)
Define inorganic nutrients do not contain carbon atoms (minerals, water)
https://quizlet.com/1091425245/biology-1322-final-exam-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-questions-answers-solve… 1/59
,10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
1. Has a specific biological function (i.e. calcium for
What are three bone growth)
characteristics of an 2. replenishing restores function (restores health)
essential nutrient? 3. omission results in decrease of function (adverse
health impact)
What is the energy value 4 kcal/gram
of carbohydrates?
What is the energy value 4 kcal/gram
of protein?
What is the energy value 9 kcal/gram
of fat?
What is the energy value 7 kcal/gram
of alcohol?
A meal has 8 grams of 170 kcal
protein, 10 grams of fat, (8g x 4 = 32kcal; 10g x 9 = 90kcal; 12g x 4 = 48 kcal;
and 12 grams of 32+90+48 = 170 kcal)
carbohydrates. What is the
energy value of this meal?
A person normally 100 grams (1600 kcal x .25 = 400 kcal of protein; 400
consumes 1600 kcals. How kcal/ 4kcal = 100 g of protein)
many grams of protein
should they consume to
have 25% of their energy
come from protein?
What are the 3 1. balance
components to the 2. variety
"philosophy that works" for 3. moderation
a healthy diet?
nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play
Define phytochemical
a role in fighting chronic diseases
https://quizlet.com/1091425245/biology-1322-final-exam-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-questions-answers-solve… 2/59
,10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
the amount of nutrients per calories in a given food
(nutrient content / calorie content)
Define nutrient density
(nutrient-dense foods provide more nutrients per
calorie)
a comparison of the calorie content of food with the
Define energy density weight or volume of a food (kcals compared to
grams)
Define over nutrition a state of excess nutrients and/or calories in a diet
Define undernutrition a state of inadequate nutrition
Define malnutrition long-term outcome of consuming a diet that doesn't
(malnourished) meet nutrient needs
a guide to nutrients in one serving of food;
Define Daily Value (DV) established reference levels of nutrients, based on a
2,000 calorie diet, that are used on food labels
What does RDA stand for? Recommended Daily Allowance
the average amount of nutrient that meets the needs
Define RDA of 97-98% of all individuals in a similar age and gender
group
DV references levels of nutrients in a serving of food,
What is the difference
RDA is the amount of nutrients that an individual
between DV and RDA?
should intake daily to be healthy
a tool that depicts the recommended proportions of 5
What is MyPlate?
food groups using a mealtime visual of a plate setting
(Describe it)
(fruits, veggies, grains, protein, dairy)
proportionality (more than 1/2 the plate to fruits and
vegetables),
What are the MyPlate moderation
recommendations? variety (vary veggies, focus on fruit)
focus on nutrient dense foods (calcium rich foods,
lean protein, at least 1/2 of grains be whole grains)
https://quizlet.com/1091425245/biology-1322-final-exam-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-questions-answers-solve… 3/59
, 10/12/25, 5:12 PM Biology 1322 Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100…
Which foods do the 2015 more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fat-free
Dietary Guidelines dairy, lean meats, seafood, oils instead of solid fats
encourage? (potassium, vitamin D, fiber, calcium)
Which foods do the 2015 sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, sugars, refined grains,
Dietary Guidelines alcohol
discourage?
What is the functions of ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion
the mouth? (salivary glands; chews food)
What is the function of the propulsion (swelling and peristalsis move the bolus
pharynx and esophagus? from mouth to stomach)
a hormone that stimulates digestive activities and
Define gastrin
increases gastric motility and emptying
mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption
What is the function of the (mix with acid and enzymes, stomach enzymes begin
stomach? to digest proteins, fat-soluble substances are
absorbed)
mechanical digestion and propulsion, chemical
digestion, absorption
What is the function of the
(segmentation mixes with digestive juices, pancreatic
small intestine?
and small intestinal enzymes digest food, nutrients are
absorbed into blood and lymph)
chemical digestion, absorption, propulsion (remaining
What is the function of the
residues digested by bacteria, reabsorbs salts, water,
large intestine?
and vitamins, compacts waste to feces)
What if the function of the elimination (temporarily stores stool before voluntary
rectum release through anus)
What is the function of the produces bile to digest fats
liver?
What is the function of the stores bile
gallbladder?
https://quizlet.com/1091425245/biology-1322-final-exam-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-questions-answers-solve… 4/59
